angular-testing（Angular 测试）

Angular Testing

Version: Angular 21 (2025) Tags: Testing, Jasmine, Karma, Vitest, Cypress, Jest

References: Testing Guide • Testing API • Angular Blog

API Changes

This section documents recent version-specific API changes.

• NEW: Vitest as default — Angular 21+ uses Vitest instead of Jasmine/Karma source
• NEW: Template coverage — Coverage reports now include HTML templates source
• NEW: Component input testing — Test component inputs directly with Component输入
• NEW: Functional interceptors for testing — Easier to test HTTP interceptors
• DEPRECATED: Karma test runner — Migrate to Vitest for modern Angular

Best Practices

• Use TestBed for component testing

import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { MyComponent } from './my.component';

describe('MyComponent', () => {
  let component: MyComponent;
  let fixture: ComponentFixture<MyComponent>;

  beforeEach(async () => {
    await TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [MyComponent]
    }).compileComponents();

    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(MyComponent);
    component = fixture.componentInstance;
  });

  it('should create', () => {
    expect(component).toBeTruthy();
  });
});

• Use AAA pattern (Arrange-Act-Assert)

it('should calculate total correctly', () => {
  // Arrange
  const service = new CalculatorService();

  // Act
  const result = service.add(2, 3);

  // Assert
  expect(result).toBe(5);
});

• Use fakeAsync and tick for async operations

import { fakeAsync, tick } from '@angular/core/testing';

it('should fetch data after delay', fakeAsync(() => {
  service.getData();
  tick(1000);
  expect(component.data).toBeTruthy();
}));

• Use spies for mocking

it('should call service', () => {
  spyOn(service, 'getData').and.returnValue(of({ name: 'Test' }));

  component.loadData();

  expect(service.getData).toHaveBeenCalled();
});

• Use by.css for querying DOM elements

import { By } from '@angular/platform-browser';

it('should display title', () => {
  fixture.detectChanges();
  const el = fixture.debugElement.query(By.css('.title'));
  expect(el.nativeElement.textContent).toBe('Hello');
});

• Test behavior, not implementation

// ❌ Bad - tests implementation details
expect(component['privateMethod']).toHaveBeenCalled();

// ✅ Good - tests behavior
expect(fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.result')).toContain('expected');

• Use provideHttpClient for HTTP testing

TestBed.configureTestingModule({
  providers: [
    provideHttpClient(withInterceptors([authInterceptor]))
  ]
});

• Use mock services for dependencies

const mockAuthService = {
  isAuthenticated: jasmine.createSpy().and.returnValue(true),
  getToken: jasmine.createSpy().and.returnValue('fake-token')
};

TestBed.configureTestingModule({
  providers: [{ provide: AuthService, useValue: mockAuthService }]
});

• Test form validation

it('should show error for invalid email', () => {
  component.form.controls.email.setValue('invalid');
  component.form.controls.email.markAsTouched();

  fixture.detectChanges();

  expect(fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.error')).toBeTruthy();
});

• Use detectChanges appropriately

// After changing component properties
component.value = 'new value';
fixture.detectChanges();

// For async operations
fixture.detectChanges();
await fixture.whenStable();
fixture.detectChanges();