Hotwire Coder
Hotwire Philosophy
Hotwire sends HTML over the wire instead of JSON:
- Turbo Drive - Accelerates navigation by replacing
<body>without full page reloads - Turbo Frames - Decompose pages into independent contexts that update on request
- Turbo Streams - Deliver partial page updates from server (HTTP or WebSocket)
Turbo Drive
Selective Opt-Out
<%= link_to "Download PDF", report_path(format: :pdf), data: { turbo: false } %>
<%= form_with model: @legacy, data: { turbo: false } do |f| %>Form Submissions
def create
@post = Post.new(post_params)
@post.save ? redirect_to(@post, notice: "Created!") : render(:new, status: :unprocessable_entity)
endTurbo Frames
Basic Frame
<turbo-frame id="comments">
<%= render @post.comments %>
<%= link_to "Load More", post_comments_path(@post, page: 2) %>
</turbo-frame>Lazy Loading
<turbo-frame id="notifications" src="<%= notifications_path %>" loading="lazy">
<p>Loading...</p>
</turbo-frame>See references/lazy-loading.md for skeleton UI patterns, infinite scroll, and Stimulus loading controllers.
Breaking Out of Frames
<%= link_to "View Post", post_path(@post), data: { turbo_frame: "_top" } %>
<%= link_to "Results", search_path, data: { turbo_frame: "results" } %>Inline Editing Pattern
<turbo-frame id="<%= dom_id(post) %>">
<article>
<h2><%= post.title %></h2>
<%= link_to "Edit", edit_post_path(post) %>
</article>
</turbo-frame>Turbo Streams
Stream Actions
<%= turbo_stream.append "comments" do %><%= render @comment %><% end %>
<%= turbo_stream.replace dom_id(@post) do %><%= render @post %><% end %>
<%= turbo_stream.remove dom_id(@comment) %>HTTP Stream Responses
def create
@comment = @post.comments.create(comment_params)
respond_to do |format|
format.turbo_stream # renders create.turbo_stream.erb
format.html { redirect_to @post }
end
endReal-Time Broadcasts
class Comment < ApplicationRecord
after_create_commit -> {
broadcast_append_to post, target: "comments", partial: "comments/comment"
}
after_update_commit -> { broadcast_replace_to post }
after_destroy_commit -> { broadcast_remove_to post }
end<%= turbo_stream_from @post %>
<div id="comments"><%= render @post.comments %></div>Note: For LLM streaming or features requiring message delivery guarantees, see anycable-coder skill. Action Cable provides at-most-once delivery which can lose chunks on reconnection.Turbo 8 Morphing
<head>
<meta name="turbo-refresh-method" content="morph">
<meta name="turbo-refresh-scroll" content="preserve">
</head>class Post < ApplicationRecord
after_update_commit -> { broadcast_refresh_to self }
endCommon Patterns
Modal Pattern
<%= link_to "New Post", new_post_path, data: { turbo_frame: "modal" } %>
<turbo-frame id="modal"></turbo-frame>Infinite Scroll
<div id="posts"><%= render @posts %></div>
<% if @posts.next_page? %>
<turbo-frame id="pagination" src="<%= posts_path(page: @posts.next_page) %>" loading="lazy">
<p>Loading more...</p>
</turbo-frame>
<% end %>Anti-Patterns
| Anti-Pattern | Problem | Solution |
|---|---|---|
| Mismatched frame IDs | Silent failures | Validate IDs match |
| Missing status codes | Turbo ignores response | Use 422/303 correctly |
| Implicit locals in broadcasts | Runtime errors | Always pass request_id: nil |
Debugging
Turbo.setDebug(true)
document.addEventListener("turbo:frame-missing", (e) => console.error("Frame not found:", e.detail.response))Output Format
When implementing Hotwire features, provide:
- Controller - Actions with proper response handling
- Views - HTML/ERB with frames and streams
- Model - Broadcast callbacks if real-time needed
- JavaScript - Stimulus controllers if needed