homebrew-cask-authoring（自制木桶创作）

Homebrew Cask Authoring

Author and maintain Homebrew Casks with correct token naming, stanzas, audit/style compliance, and local install testing.

Operating rules

• Prefer the official Homebrew documentation (Cask Cookbook, Acceptable Casks) when uncertain.
• Keep casks minimal: only add stanzas that are required for correct install/uninstall/cleanup.
• Avoid destructive system changes unless explicitly requested; call out any rm/tap changes before suggesting them.
• When testing local casks, ensure Homebrew reads from the local file (not the API).
• Treat local Homebrew tap overrides as temporary. When done testing/submitting, restore standard Homebrew state unless the user asks to keep the override.

Quick intake (ask these first)

Collect:

• App name (exact .app bundle name)
• Homepage (official)
• Download URL(s) (DMG/ZIP/PKG) and whether they differ by arch
• Version scheme (single version? per-arch?)
• Install artifact type (app, pkg, suite, etc.)
• Uninstall requirements (pkgutil ids, launch agents, kernel extensions)
• Desired cleanup (zap paths)

If any of these are unknown, propose a short plan to discover them.

Pre-flight checks (before writing the cask)

Before investing effort in a new cask, verify:

1. Notability: The app must have meaningful public presence. GitHub projects with <30 forks/watchers or <75 stars are likely to be rejected. Self-submission threshold is 3× higher (90 forks / 90 watchers / 225 stars) if the PR author also owns the upstream repo. See Acceptable Casks.
2. Repo age: GitHub repos less than 30 days old cause a hard brew audit --new failure. Wait until the repo is old enough.
3. Previously refused: Search closed unmerged PRs for the token. If previously rejected for unfixable reasons, do not re-submit.
4. Existing PRs: Check open PRs to avoid duplicating work.
5. Modern macOS compatibility: Casks that don't work on current macOS will be rejected outright. Avoid submitting x86-only / requires_rosetta new casks — they're on a deprecation path (blocked once macOS 27 is stable, removed after 28).

Workflow: create or update a cask

1) Choose the token

• Start from the .app bundle name.
• Remove .app and common suffixes: "App", "for macOS", version numbers.
• Remove "Mac" unless it distinguishes the product (e.g., "WinZip Mac" vs "WinZip").
• Remove "Desktop" only when it's a generic suffix, not when it's intrinsic to the product name. Keep it for products branded as "X Desktop" (e.g., Docker Desktop → docker-desktop, LTX Desktop → ltx-desktop). When in doubt, keep "Desktop".
• Downcase; replace spaces/underscores with hyphens.
• Remove non-alphanumerics except hyphens.
• Use @beta, @nightly, or @<major> for variants.

Confirm the token before writing the file.

2) Draft a minimal cask

Use this canonical structure:

cask "token" do
  version "1.2.3"
  sha256 "..."

  url "https://example.com/app-#{version}.dmg"
  name "Official App Name"
  desc "Short one-line description"
  homepage "https://example.com"

  app "AppName.app"
end

Rules of thumb:

• Prefer https URLs.
• Add verified: when download host domain differs from homepage domain.
• Keep desc factual and concise (no marketing).

3) Handle architecture (if needed)

Always confirm the binary's architectures — don't assume from vendor marketing. Mount the DMG (or unpack the artifact) and run:

lipo -archs "/Volumes/<Vol>/<AppName>.app/Contents/MacOS/<AppName>"

Then:

• Single-arch (arm64 only): add depends_on arch::arm64 alongside any macos: gate. Without it, Intel users on a supported macOS can install a cask they can't run — a user-facing install-time regression reviewers will flag.
• Universal (arm64 x86_64): no arch gate needed.
• Different URLs and/or sha256 per CPU: use arch + sha256 arm:..., intel:... when versions match.
• Different versions per CPU: use on_arm / on_intel blocks.

4) Add uninstall/zap stanzas

• uninstall: Required for pkg and installer artifacts. Include pkgutil: identifiers, launch agents, etc.

- For .app casks, uninstall quit: is still useful so brew uninstall cleanly terminates a running app. If the app bundles helper processes (look in Contents/Helpers/ or run pgrep -lf <AppName> while it's running), pass an array of bundle IDs (e.g. main app + *.launcher) — a single ID leaves helpers stranded. - quit: / signal: no longer run during brew upgrade/brew reinstall by default (Nov 2025 change). If you need the app to be quit during upgrade, add on_upgrade::quit (or on_upgrade: [:quit,:signal]).

• zap: Recommended for thorough cleanup (support dirs, preferences, caches) but not enforced by brew audit. Reviewers expect it for new casks — verify paths are accurate.

- Primary tool: brew generate-zap <token> (documented Mar 2026). Install and launch the app first, then run it to get a draft zap stanza. Still review the output — it can include noise. - **Also scan while the app is in *active use*, not just after first launch.** Paths like ~/Library/HTTPStorages/<bundle-id>, session caches, and some preferences only appear after login/real interaction. generate-zap may miss these if you only ran the app once. - Keep Keystone/GoogleUpdater-style shared components in zap only (never uninstall) — they're shared across vendor apps.

• livecheck: strategy:extract_plist and version:latest are *automatically* excluded from autobump — no no_autobump! needed.
• depends_on: Optional. Only add when genuinely needed (e.g., specific macOS version, another cask dependency).

5) Validate and test locally

Run, in this order:

brew style --fix <token>
brew audit --cask --online <token>

For new casks also run:

brew audit --cask --new <token>
HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1 brew install --cask <token>
brew uninstall --cask <token>

Then validate the full zap path with the app *running*:

HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1 brew install --cask <token>
open /Applications/<AppName>.app   # log in, use it
HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1 brew uninstall --zap --cask <token>
pgrep -lf <AppName>                # should be empty — if not, add bundle IDs to `uninstall quit:`

Reinstalling after a plain brew uninstall (without --zap) should leave session data intact (so login persists). Reinstalling after --zap should require a fresh login. Verifying both confirms the zap paths are actually the ones that hold user state.

Important notes:

• Always install/uninstall by token name, not file path. Running brew install./Casks/t/token.rb will fail when using a tap symlink — use brew install --cask token instead.
• HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1 forces Homebrew to use your local cask file rather than the API.
• brew audit --cask --new checks GitHub repo age (must be >30 days) and notability — if the repo is too new, this will fail regardless of cask quality.
• brew audit prints nothing on success (silent = pass) — don't mistake empty output for the command failing to run.

If install fails:

• Re-check URL reachability, sha256, and artifact name.
• Re-run with verbosity: brew install --cask --verbose <token>.

6) PR hygiene

Before suggesting submission:

• Ensure brew style and all relevant brew audit commands pass.
• For new casks, check the token has not been previously refused/unmerged.
• One cask change per PR, minimal diffs, no drive-by formatting.
• Target the main branch (not master).

Commit message format (first line <=50 chars):

• New cask: token version (new cask)
• Version update: token version
• Fix/change: token: description

PR body: keep the default template, then replace the placeholder opener with a short prose sentence (hint: a bare URL as the first line may trigger the request-info bot — a full sentence like "Adds a new cask for App Name - short description." is safer). Keep all checklist items; tick only what was actually done.

7) AI disclosure

The PR template includes an AI disclosure section. If AI assisted with the PR:

• Check the AI checkbox in the template.
• Split the disclosure into two parts: what the agent ran (list the brew commands executed and note the human read the output) and what the human verified manually (app install, login, actual usage, zap path derivation, running-app uninstall). Reviewers value seeing both halves.
• Call out any non-obvious things the agent's testing surfaced (e.g. a helper process needing a second bundle ID in uninstall quit:).

Local development patterns

If the user is editing Homebrew/homebrew-cask locally and wants Homebrew to execute their working copy, use a tap symlink workflow.

Before changing the tap, print the current Homebrew state/commands so the restore path is visible in-context.

When the task is done (typically after local validation, commit, or PR creation), restore standard Homebrew state unless the user asks to keep the local override. Prompt before leaving Homebrew in a non-standard state.

Read the full end-to-end checklist here:

• references/homebrew-cask-contribution-workflow.md