competitive-analysis（竞争分析）

Competitive Analysis

Analyze your competitive landscape using Porter's Five Forces and modern frameworks—understand industry dynamics, identify strategic opportunities, and position your business for sustainable advantage.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill when you need to:

• Evaluate an industry before entering or investing
• Understand competitive dynamics in your market
• Identify strategic opportunities based on industry structure
• Assess threats from competitors, new entrants, or substitutes
• Develop positioning strategy relative to competition
• Prepare investor pitches with market analysis
• Plan product launches in competitive markets
• Make pricing decisions based on competitive forces

This skill is particularly valuable for:

• Founders evaluating market opportunities
• Strategy teams assessing competitive position
• Investors analyzing industry attractiveness
• Product managers planning market entry
• Business development professionals identifying partners/threats

Methodology Foundation

Source: Michael Porter - Harvard Business School (1979-present) + modern competitive intelligence best practices

Core Principle: Industry structure, together with a company's relative position within the industry, are the two basic drivers of company profitability. Understand the five competitive forces to anticipate shifts, shape industry evolution, and find better strategic positions.

"The essence of strategy formulation is coping with competition."

What Claude Does vs What You Decide

What This Skill Does

When invoked, I will guide you through comprehensive competitive analysis:

1. Define your competitive arena - Identify industry boundaries and key players
2. Analyze the Five Forces - Evaluate each competitive force systematically
3. Map competitor landscape - Profile direct and indirect competitors
4. Assess industry attractiveness - Determine profit potential
5. Identify strategic opportunities - Find positioning gaps and advantages
6. Monitor competitive dynamics - Set up ongoing intelligence gathering

How to Use

Provide information about your competitive situation:

Example prompts:

• "Analyze the competitive landscape for [industry/market]"
• "Apply Porter's Five Forces to my [business type]"
• "Create a competitor analysis for [company/product]"
• "Assess the threat of new entrants in [market]"
• "Evaluate supplier/buyer power in [industry]"
• "Help me find competitive positioning opportunities"

Information that helps:

• Your industry or market
• Key competitors you're aware of
• Your product/service category
• Geographic scope
• Target customer segment
• Current market position

Instructions

The Five Forces Framework

Overview

Porter's Five Forces determine the competitive structure of an industry and its profitability.

                    Threat of
                   New Entrants
                        ↓

Supplier    →    COMPETITIVE    ←    Buyer
 Power           RIVALRY              Power

                        ↑
                    Threat of
                   Substitutes

Force 1: Competitive Rivalry

Analyze the intensity of competition among existing players.

Assessment Questions

Rivalry Intensity Scale

Red Flags (High Rivalry)

• Frequent price wars
• Heavy advertising spending
• Constant product launches
• Difficulty maintaining margins
• High customer churn

Force 2: Threat of New Entrants

Analyze how easy or difficult it is for new players to enter your market.

Barriers to Entry Assessment

Entry Threat Signals

• Venture capital flowing into your space
• Adjacent companies expanding into your market
• International competitors entering
• Technology reducing traditional barriers
• Regulatory changes opening markets

Force 3: Supplier Power

Analyze the leverage suppliers have over industry participants.

Supplier Power Assessment

High Supplier Power Examples

• Specialized software vendors (few alternatives)
• Rare material suppliers (limited sources)
• Highly skilled labor markets (talent scarcity)
• Platform dependencies (AWS, Shopify, etc.)

Force 4: Buyer Power

Analyze the leverage customers have over your business.

Buyer Power Assessment

Managing Buyer Power

• Differentiate your offering
• Create switching costs (integrations, training, data)
• Target less price-sensitive segments
• Build brand loyalty
• Diversify customer base

Force 5: Threat of Substitutes

Analyze alternatives that meet the same customer need differently.

Substitute Threat Assessment

Common Substitute Patterns

Defending Against Substitutes

• Improve price-performance ratio
• Create switching costs
• Add unique value substitutes can't match
• Acquire or partner with substitutes
• Position as premium alternative

Industry Attractiveness Assessment

After analyzing all five forces, determine overall industry attractiveness:

Profitability Spectrum

ATTRACTIVE                                    UNATTRACTIVE
(Higher profits)                              (Lower profits)
     |                                              |
Commercial aircraft ←―――――――――――――――→ Fast food
Pharmaceuticals    ←―――――――――――――――→ Retail grocers
Enterprise SaaS    ←―――――――――――――――→ Commodity trading

Competitor Profiling

Beyond industry forces, analyze specific competitors:

Competitor Profile Template

Competitive Intelligence Sources

Strategic Positioning Options

Based on your analysis, consider positioning strategies:

Finding Positioning Gaps

Look for areas where:

• Customer needs are unmet
• Competitors have weaknesses
• Your strengths align with opportunity
• Forces are favorable

Examples

Example 1: SaaS Project Management Tool

Context: Startup considering entering project management software market

Industry Definition: Cloud-based project management software for SMBs

Five Forces Analysis:

Overall Industry Attractiveness: LOW - Very competitive with strong buyer power and many substitutes

Strategic Implications:

• General PM market is unattractive
• Need differentiated positioning to succeed
• Options:

1. Vertical focus: PM for specific industry (construction, agencies, healthcare) 2. Unique capability: AI-native, specific methodology (Agile, OKRs) 3. Integration play: Deep integration with specific ecosystem

Recommended Positioning: Focus on underserved vertical (e.g., "Project management built for creative agencies") where:

• Buyer power is lower (fewer alternatives serve niche needs)
• Differentiation is sustainable (industry-specific features)
• Word-of-mouth is concentrated (industry networks)

Example 2: Direct-to-Consumer Coffee Brand

Context: Evaluating market entry for premium DTC coffee subscription

Industry Definition: Direct-to-consumer specialty coffee subscription (US market)

Five Forces Analysis:

Overall Industry Attractiveness: LOW - Highly competitive commodity market

Competitor Landscape:

Positioning Gap Identified:

• Underserved need: Busy professionals who want premium coffee but zero effort
• Current options: Either require grinding/brewing skill OR sacrifice quality

Recommended Positioning: "Autopilot premium" - Ultra-convenient premium coffee for busy professionals

• Pre-ground for specific brewing methods (not beans)
• Optimal freshness timed delivery
• Simple subscription (one choice, auto-adjusted)
• Position against: "You don't need to be a coffee snob to drink great coffee"

Checklists & Templates

Five Forces Analysis Template

INDUSTRY: ____________________
DATE: ____________________

FORCE 1: COMPETITIVE RIVALRY
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Key competitors:
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________

Assessment:
□ Number of competitors: Few / Several / Many
□ Industry growth: High / Stable / Declining
□ Product differentiation: High / Moderate / Low
□ Exit barriers: Low / Moderate / High
□ Fixed costs: Low / Moderate / High

RIVALRY INTENSITY: □ Low □ Medium □ High

FORCE 2: THREAT OF NEW ENTRANTS
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Barriers to entry:
□ Capital requirements: High / Moderate / Low
□ Economies of scale: Strong / Moderate / Weak
□ Brand loyalty: Strong / Moderate / Weak
□ Switching costs: High / Moderate / Low
□ Distribution access: Difficult / Moderate / Easy
□ Regulatory barriers: High / Moderate / Low

ENTRY THREAT: □ Low □ Medium □ High

FORCE 3: SUPPLIER POWER
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Key suppliers/inputs:
1. ____________________
2. ____________________

Assessment:
□ Number of suppliers: Many / Several / Few
□ Uniqueness of inputs: Commodity / Specialized / Unique
□ Switching costs: Low / Moderate / High
□ Forward integration threat: Low / Moderate / High

SUPPLIER POWER: □ Low □ Medium □ High

FORCE 4: BUYER POWER
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Key buyer segments:
1. ____________________
2. ____________________

Assessment:
□ Buyer concentration: Fragmented / Moderate / Concentrated
□ Purchase volume: Small / Moderate / Large
□ Product differentiation: High / Moderate / Low
□ Switching costs: High / Moderate / Low
□ Price sensitivity: Low / Moderate / High

BUYER POWER: □ Low □ Medium □ High

FORCE 5: THREAT OF SUBSTITUTES
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Key substitutes:
1. ____________________
2. ____________________

Assessment:
□ Price-performance of substitutes: Poor / Comparable / Better
□ Switching costs: High / Moderate / Low
□ Buyer willingness to switch: Low / Moderate / High

SUBSTITUTE THREAT: □ Low □ Medium □ High

OVERALL INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
□ Attractive (weak forces)
□ Moderately attractive (mixed forces)
□ Unattractive (strong forces)

KEY STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS:
1. ____________________
2. ____________________
3. ____________________

Competitor Profile Template

COMPETITOR: ____________________
LAST UPDATED: ____________________

OVERVIEW
━━━━━━━━
Company type: ____________________
Founded: ____________________
Size (employees/revenue): ____________________
Funding/ownership: ____________________

PRODUCT/SERVICE
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Core offering: ____________________
Key features: ____________________
Pricing: ____________________
Target market: ____________________

POSITIONING
━━━━━━━━━━━
Tagline/messaging: ____________________
Key differentiator: ____________________
Brand perception: ____________________

SWOT SUMMARY
━━━━━━━━━━━━
Strengths:
• ____________________
• ____________________

Weaknesses:
• ____________________
• ____________________

RECENT ACTIVITY
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
□ New product launches: ____________________
□ Partnerships: ____________________
□ Key hires: ____________________
□ Funding/acquisitions: ____________________

STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS FOR US
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Opportunity: ____________________
Threat: ____________________
Action: ____________________

Quick Industry Assessment Checklist

Before deep analysis, quick gut-check:

• Can you name 5+ significant competitors?
• Have new players entered in the last 2 years?
• Are prices stable or declining?
• Do customers frequently switch providers?
• Are there major technology shifts affecting the industry?
• Do a few large buyers dominate purchasing?
• Are there obvious substitutes customers use?

If most answers are "yes," expect a challenging competitive environment.

Skill Boundaries

What This Skill Does Well

• Structuring audio production workflows
• Providing technical guidance
• Creating quality checklists
• Suggesting creative approaches

What This Skill Cannot Do

• Replace audio engineering expertise
• Make subjective creative decisions
• Access or edit audio files directly
• Guarantee commercial success

References

Primary Sources:

• Porter, Michael E. "How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy." Harvard Business Review, 1979.
• Porter, Michael E. "Competitive Strategy." Free Press, 1980.
• Porter, Michael E. "On Competition." Harvard Business Review Press, 2008.

Additional Resources:

• Harvard Business School Institute for Strategy and Competitiveness
• "Understanding Michael Porter" by Joan Magretta

Related Skills

• competitive-moats - Building sustainable competitive advantages (7 Powers)
• value-proposition-canvas - Designing customer value fit
• positioning-dunford - Positioning your product effectively
• pricing-strategy - Pricing based on competitive dynamics
• category-design - Creating new market categories