api-test-suite-builder（API 测试 suite 构建器）

API Test Suite Builder

Tier: POWERFUL Category: Engineering / Testing Maintainer: Claude Skills Team

Overview

Scan API route definitions across frameworks (Next.js App Router, Express, FastAPI, Django REST, Go net/http), analyze request/response schemas, and generate comprehensive test suites covering authentication, authorization, input validation, error handling, pagination, file uploads, rate limiting, contract testing, and load testing. Outputs ready-to-run test files for Vitest+Supertest (Node), Pytest+httpx (Python), or k6 (load testing).

Keywords

API testing, test generation, contract testing, load testing, Pact, k6, Supertest, httpx, auth testing, input validation, error matrix, OpenAPI testing, regression suite

Core Capabilities

1. Route Detection and Analysis

• Scan source files to extract all API endpoints with HTTP methods
• Parse request body schemas from types, validators, and decorators
• Detect authentication middleware and authorization rules
• Identify response types and status codes from handler implementations

2. Test Matrix Generation

• Authentication: valid/invalid/expired tokens, missing headers, wrong roles
• Input validation: missing fields, wrong types, boundary values, injection
• Error paths: 400/401/403/404/409/422/429/500 for each route
• Pagination: first/last/empty/oversized pages, cursor-based and offset
• File uploads: valid, oversized, wrong MIME, empty, path traversal
• Rate limiting: burst detection, per-user vs global limits

3. Contract Testing

• OpenAPI spec to test generation
• Pact consumer-driven contract tests
• Schema snapshot testing for breaking change detection
• Response shape validation with JSON Schema

4. Load Testing

• k6 scripts with ramp-up patterns and SLA thresholds
• Artillery scenarios for sustained load profiles
• Latency percentile tracking (P50, P95, P99)
• Concurrent user simulation with realistic data

When to Use

• New API added — generate test scaffold before implementation (TDD)
• Legacy API with no tests — scan and generate baseline coverage
• Pre-release — ensure all routes have at least smoke tests
• API contract change — detect and test breaking changes
• Security audit — generate adversarial input tests
• Performance validation — create load test baselines

Route Detection Commands

Next.js App Router

# Find all route handlers and extract HTTP methods
find ./app/api -name "route.ts" -o -name "route.js" | while read f; do
  route=$(echo "$f" | sed 's|./app||; s|/route\.[tj]s||')
  methods=$(grep -oE "export (async )?function (GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE)" "$f" | \
    grep -oE "(GET|POST|PUT|PATCH|DELETE)" | tr '\n' ',')
  echo "$methods $route"
done

Express / Fastify

grep -rn "router\.\(get\|post\|put\|delete\|patch\)\|app\.\(get\|post\|put\|delete\|patch\)" \
  src/ --include="*.ts" --include="*.js" | \
  grep -oE "\.(get|post|put|delete|patch)\(['\"][^'\"]+['\"]" | \
  sed "s/\.\(.*\)('\(.*\)'/\U\1 \2/"

FastAPI

grep -rn "@\(app\|router\)\.\(get\|post\|put\|delete\|patch\)" . --include="*.py" | \
  grep -oE "(get|post|put|delete|patch)\(['\"][^'\"]*['\"]"

Go (net/http, Chi, Gin)

grep -rn "\.HandleFunc\|\.Handle\|\.GET\|\.POST\|\.PUT\|\.DELETE" . --include="*.go" | \
  grep -oE "(GET|POST|PUT|DELETE|HandleFunc)\(['\"][^'\"]*['\"]"

Test Generation Framework

Auth Test Matrix

For every authenticated endpoint, generate these test cases:

// tests/api/[resource]/auth.test.ts
import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
import request from 'supertest'
import { createTestApp } from '../../helpers/app'
import { createTestUser, generateToken, generateExpiredToken } from '../../helpers/auth'

describe('GET /api/v1/projects - Authentication', () => {
  const app = createTestApp()

  it('returns 401 when no Authorization header is sent', async () => {
    const res = await request(app).get('/api/v1/projects')
    expect(res.status).toBe(401)
    expect(res.body.error).toMatchObject({
      code: 'UNAUTHORIZED',
      message: expect.any(String),
    })
  })

  it('returns 401 when token format is invalid', async () => {
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/v1/projects')
      .set('Authorization', 'InvalidFormat')
    expect(res.status).toBe(401)
  })

  it('returns 401 when token is expired', async () => {
    const token = generateExpiredToken({ userId: 'user_123' })
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/v1/projects')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${token}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(401)
    expect(res.body.error.code).toBe('TOKEN_EXPIRED')
  })

  it('returns 403 when user lacks required role', async () => {
    const user = await createTestUser({ role: 'viewer' })
    const token = generateToken(user)
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/v1/projects')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${token}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(403)
  })

  it('returns 401 when token belongs to a deleted user', async () => {
    const user = await createTestUser()
    const token = generateToken(user)
    await deleteUser(user.id)
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/v1/projects')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${token}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(401)
  })

  it('returns 200 with valid token and correct role', async () => {
    const user = await createTestUser({ role: 'member' })
    const token = generateToken(user)
    const res = await request(app)
      .get('/api/v1/projects')
      .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${token}`)
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body).toHaveProperty('data')
  })
})

Input Validation Matrix

// tests/api/[resource]/validation.test.ts
describe('POST /api/v1/projects - Input Validation', () => {
  const validPayload = {
    name: 'My Project',
    description: 'A test project',
    visibility: 'private',
  }

  it('returns 422 when body is empty', async () => {
    const res = await authedRequest('POST', '/api/v1/projects', {})
    expect(res.status).toBe(422)
    expect(res.body.error.details).toEqual(
      expect.arrayContaining([
        expect.objectContaining({ field: 'name', rule: 'required' }),
      ])
    )
  })

  it.each([
    ['name', undefined, 'required'],
    ['name', '', 'min_length'],
    ['name', 'a'.repeat(256), 'max_length'],
    ['name', 123, 'type'],
    ['visibility', 'invalid', 'enum'],
    ['description', 'a'.repeat(10001), 'max_length'],
  ])('returns 422 when %s is %s (%s)', async (field, value, rule) => {
    const payload = { ...validPayload, [field]: value }
    if (value === undefined) delete payload[field]
    const res = await authedRequest('POST', '/api/v1/projects', payload)
    expect(res.status).toBe(422)
    expect(res.body.error.details).toEqual(
      expect.arrayContaining([
        expect.objectContaining({ field, rule }),
      ])
    )
  })

  it('rejects SQL injection in string fields', async () => {
    const res = await authedRequest('POST', '/api/v1/projects', {
      ...validPayload,
      name: "'; DROP TABLE projects; --",
    })
    // Should either reject (422) or sanitize and succeed (201)
    expect([201, 422]).toContain(res.status)
    if (res.status === 201) {
      expect(res.body.data.name).not.toContain('DROP TABLE')
    }
  })

  it('rejects XSS payloads in string fields', async () => {
    const res = await authedRequest('POST', '/api/v1/projects', {
      ...validPayload,
      name: '<script>alert("xss")</script>',
    })
    if (res.status === 201) {
      expect(res.body.data.name).not.toContain('<script>')
    }
  })

  it('accepts valid payload and returns 201 with created resource', async () => {
    const res = await authedRequest('POST', '/api/v1/projects', validPayload)
    expect(res.status).toBe(201)
    expect(res.body.data).toMatchObject({
      id: expect.any(String),
      name: validPayload.name,
      visibility: validPayload.visibility,
      created_at: expect.any(String),
    })
    // Verify sensitive fields are NOT in response
    expect(res.body.data).not.toHaveProperty('internal_id')
  })
})

Pagination Testing

describe('GET /api/v1/projects - Pagination', () => {
  beforeAll(async () => {
    await seedProjects(25) // Create 25 test projects
  })

  it('returns first page with default limit', async () => {
    const res = await authedRequest('GET', '/api/v1/projects')
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body.data.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(20) // default limit
    expect(res.body.meta).toMatchObject({
      total: 25,
      page: 1,
      has_more: true,
    })
  })

  it('returns second page correctly', async () => {
    const res = await authedRequest('GET', '/api/v1/projects?page=2&limit=10')
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body.data.length).toBe(10)
    expect(res.body.meta.page).toBe(2)
  })

  it('returns empty array for page beyond data', async () => {
    const res = await authedRequest('GET', '/api/v1/projects?page=100')
    expect(res.status).toBe(200)
    expect(res.body.data).toEqual([])
    expect(res.body.meta.has_more).toBe(false)
  })

  it('rejects limit above maximum', async () => {
    const res = await authedRequest('GET', '/api/v1/projects?limit=1000')
    expect(res.status).toBe(422)
  })

  it('returns consistent results with cursor-based pagination', async () => {
    const page1 = await authedRequest('GET', '/api/v1/projects?limit=5')
    const cursor = page1.body.meta.next_cursor
    const page2 = await authedRequest('GET', `/api/v1/projects?limit=5&cursor=${cursor}`)
    // No overlapping items between pages
    const ids1 = new Set(page1.body.data.map(p => p.id))
    const ids2 = new Set(page2.body.data.map(p => p.id))
    const overlap = [...ids1].filter(id => ids2.has(id))
    expect(overlap).toHaveLength(0)
  })
})

Contract Testing with Pact

// tests/contracts/projects.pact.test.ts
import { PactV3, MatchersV3 } from '@pact-foundation/pact'

const { like, eachLike, string, integer, iso8601DateTimeWithMillis } = MatchersV3

const provider = new PactV3({
  consumer: 'frontend-app',
  provider: 'projects-api',
})

describe('Projects API Contract', () => {
  it('returns a list of projects', async () => {
    provider
      .given('projects exist')
      .uponReceiving('a request for projects')
      .withRequest({
        method: 'GET',
        path: '/api/v1/projects',
        headers: { Authorization: like('Bearer token123') },
      })
      .willRespondWith({
        status: 200,
        headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
        body: {
          data: eachLike({
            id: string('proj_abc123'),
            name: string('My Project'),
            visibility: string('private'),
            created_at: iso8601DateTimeWithMillis('2026-01-15T10:30:00.000Z'),
            owner: {
              id: string('user_xyz'),
              name: string('Jane Doe'),
            },
          }),
          meta: {
            total: integer(1),
            page: integer(1),
            has_more: false,
          },
        },
      })

    await provider.executeTest(async (mockServer) => {
      const response = await fetch(`${mockServer.url}/api/v1/projects`, {
        headers: { Authorization: 'Bearer token123' },
      })
      expect(response.status).toBe(200)
      const body = await response.json()
      expect(body.data[0]).toHaveProperty('id')
      expect(body.data[0]).toHaveProperty('name')
      expect(body.meta).toHaveProperty('total')
    })
  })
})

Load Testing with k6

// tests/load/api-load.k6.js
import http from 'k6/http'
import { check, sleep } from 'k6'
import { Rate, Trend } from 'k6/metrics'

const errorRate = new Rate('errors')
const listLatency = new Trend('list_projects_duration')
const createLatency = new Trend('create_project_duration')

export const options = {
  stages: [
    { duration: '30s', target: 10 },   // ramp up to 10 users
    { duration: '1m',  target: 50 },   // ramp up to 50 users
    { duration: '2m',  target: 50 },   // sustain 50 users
    { duration: '30s', target: 0 },    // ramp down
  ],
  thresholds: {
    http_req_duration: ['p(95)<200', 'p(99)<500'],  // SLA: P95 < 200ms
    errors: ['rate<0.01'],                            // Error rate < 1%
    list_projects_duration: ['p(95)<150'],
    create_project_duration: ['p(95)<300'],
  },
}

const BASE_URL = __ENV.BASE_URL || 'http://localhost:3000'
const AUTH_TOKEN = __ENV.AUTH_TOKEN || 'test-token'

const headers = {
  Authorization: `Bearer ${AUTH_TOKEN}`,
  'Content-Type': 'application/json',
}

export default function () {
  // GET /api/v1/projects
  const listRes = http.get(`${BASE_URL}/api/v1/projects?limit=20`, { headers })
  listLatency.add(listRes.timings.duration)
  check(listRes, {
    'list: status 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
    'list: has data array': (r) => JSON.parse(r.body).data !== undefined,
  }) || errorRate.add(1)

  sleep(1)

  // POST /api/v1/projects
  const createRes = http.post(
    `${BASE_URL}/api/v1/projects`,
    JSON.stringify({
      name: `Load Test Project ${Date.now()}`,
      description: 'Created by k6 load test',
      visibility: 'private',
    }),
    { headers }
  )
  createLatency.add(createRes.timings.duration)
  check(createRes, {
    'create: status 201': (r) => r.status === 201,
    'create: has id': (r) => JSON.parse(r.body).data.id !== undefined,
  }) || errorRate.add(1)

  sleep(1)
}

Run Load Tests

# Local
k6 run tests/load/api-load.k6.js

# With environment variables
k6 run -e BASE_URL=https://staging.app.com -e AUTH_TOKEN=$STAGING_TOKEN tests/load/api-load.k6.js

# Output to cloud dashboard
k6 cloud tests/load/api-load.k6.js

Test Generation Process

When given a codebase, follow this workflow:

1. Scan routes using detection commands for the detected framework
2. Read each route handler to understand: request schema, auth middleware, response types, business rules
3. Generate test file per resource (not per route) using the matrices above
4. Name tests descriptively: "returns 401 when token is expired" not "auth test 3"
5. Use factories/fixtures for test data — never hardcode IDs or tokens
6. Assert response shape, not just status codes
7. Include negative tests — error paths catch 80% of production bugs
8. Add contract tests for any API consumed by external services
9. Add load tests for any endpoint expected to handle >100 RPM

Test Helper Patterns

// tests/helpers/auth.ts — reusable auth utilities
import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken'

export function generateToken(user: { id: string; role: string }, expiresIn = '1h') {
  return jwt.sign({ sub: user.id, role: user.role }, process.env.JWT_SECRET!, { expiresIn })
}

export function generateExpiredToken(user: { id: string }) {
  return jwt.sign({ sub: user.id }, process.env.JWT_SECRET!, { expiresIn: '-1h' })
}

// tests/helpers/request.ts — authed request helper
export async function authedRequest(
  method: string,
  path: string,
  body?: any,
  userOverrides?: Partial<User>,
) {
  const user = await createTestUser(userOverrides)
  const token = generateToken(user)
  const req = request(app)[method.toLowerCase()](path)
    .set('Authorization', `Bearer ${token}`)
  if (body) req.send(body)
  return req
}

// tests/helpers/factory.ts — test data factories
export function buildProject(overrides = {}) {
  return {
    name: `Project ${Date.now()}`,
    description: 'Test project',
    visibility: 'private',
    ...overrides,
  }
}

Common Pitfalls

• Testing only happy paths — 80% of production bugs live in error paths; test those first
• Hardcoded IDs and tokens — use factories; data changes between environments
• Shared state between tests — always clean up; one test's data should not affect another
• Testing implementation, not behavior — assert what the API returns, not how it does it
• Missing boundary tests — off-by-one errors are the most common bug in pagination and limits
• Ignoring Content-Type — test that the API rejects wrong content types
• Not testing token expiry separately from invalid tokens — they produce different error codes
• Flaky tests from timing — never depend on clock time; use deterministic test data

Best Practices

1. One describe block per endpoint, nested by concern (auth, validation, business logic)
2. Seed only the minimal data each test needs — do not load the entire database
3. Assert specific error codes and field names, not just HTTP status
4. Test that sensitive fields (password, secret_key) are never present in responses
5. For contract tests, run them in CI against both consumer and provider
6. For load tests, set SLA thresholds (p(95)<200) and fail the build if violated
7. Keep test files colocated with the code they test or in a parallel tests/ tree

Troubleshooting

Success Criteria

• Route coverage >= 95%: Every API endpoint in the codebase has at least one generated test file covering auth, validation, and happy path scenarios
• Error path ratio >= 3:1: At least three negative/error test cases exist for every happy-path test case per endpoint
• Test execution time < 60s: The full generated unit/integration test suite runs in under 60 seconds (excluding load tests)
• Zero hardcoded secrets: No test file contains hardcoded API keys, tokens, or passwords; all credentials come from environment variables or factories
• Contract test coverage for all external APIs: Every endpoint consumed by an external service or frontend client has a corresponding Pact or schema snapshot test
• Load test SLA thresholds defined: Every load-tested endpoint has explicit P95 and P99 latency thresholds and an error rate ceiling configured in the k6 script
• CI integration complete: Generated tests run automatically in the CI pipeline with clear pass/fail reporting and no manual intervention required

Scope & Limitations

This skill covers:

• Generating test suites from route definitions for REST APIs across Node.js, Python, and Go frameworks
• Authentication, authorization, input validation, pagination, and error-path test generation
• Consumer-driven contract testing with Pact and schema snapshot validation
• Load and performance testing script generation with k6 and Artillery

This skill does NOT cover:

• GraphQL API testing (see engineering/api-design-reviewer for schema review patterns)
• End-to-end browser testing or UI interaction testing (see engineering/playwright-pro)
• Database migration testing or schema validation (see engineering/database-schema-designer)
• Security penetration testing beyond input sanitization checks (see engineering/skill-security-auditor)

Integration Points