architecture（架构）

Architecture

Overview

3SC follows Clean Architecture principles adapted for a WPF desktop application. This ensures testability, maintainability, and clear separation of concerns.

Layer Structure

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                        3SC.UI                               │
│  • WPF Views & Windows                                      │
│  • ViewModels (CommunityToolkit.Mvvm)                       │
│  • UI Services (Navigation, Dialogs)                        │
│  • Composition Root (ServiceLocator)                        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                    3SC.Application                          │
│  • Repository Interfaces                                    │
│  • Service Abstractions                                     │
│  • DTOs / Request-Response Models                           │
│  • Use Case Orchestration (future)                          │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                   3SC.Infrastructure                        │
│  • EF Core DbContext & Repositories                         │
│  • External API Clients                                     │
│  • File System Operations                                   │
│  • Security Implementations                                 │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                      3SC.Domain                             │
│  • Entities (Widget, Layout, etc.)                          │
│  • Value Objects (WidgetSize, WidgetPosition)               │
│  • Domain Rules & Validation                                │
│  • No External Dependencies                                 │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Dependency Rules

Definition of Done (DoD)

• [ ] New types are in the correct layer
• [ ] Domain has no external package references
• [ ] Infrastructure types implement Application interfaces
• [ ] ViewModels depend on interfaces, not implementations
• [ ] No circular dependencies between projects
• [ ] Composition happens only in ServiceLocator

Composition Root Pattern

All dependencies are wired in ServiceLocator.cs:

public sealed class ServiceLocator : IDisposable
{
    // Use Lazy<T> for deferred initialization
    private readonly Lazy<IWidgetRepository> _widgetRepository;
    
    private ServiceLocator()
    {
        // Wire dependencies in constructor
        _widgetRepository = new Lazy<IWidgetRepository>(() => 
            new WidgetRepository(DbContext));
    }
    
    public IWidgetRepository WidgetRepository => _widgetRepository.Value;
}

Best Practices

1. Register interfaces, not implementations
2. Use Lazy<T> for expensive services
3. Avoid service location in ViewModels - inject via constructor
4. Dispose resources properly - implement IDisposable chain

Abstraction Strategy

When to Abstract

Required Abstractions

// These MUST be abstracted for testability:
public interface IDateTimeProvider
{
    DateTimeOffset UtcNow { get; }
    DateTimeOffset Now { get; }
}

public interface IFileSystem
{
    bool FileExists(string path);
    bool DirectoryExists(string path);
    string[] GetFiles(string path, string searchPattern);
    string ReadAllText(string path);
    void WriteAllText(string path, string content);
    Stream OpenRead(string path);
}

public interface IEnvironmentProvider
{
    string GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder folder);
    string MachineName { get; }
    string UserName { get; }
}

Cross-Cutting Concerns

Logging

• Inject ILogger<T> via constructor
• Use structured logging with Serilog
• Include correlation IDs for request tracing

Validation

• Domain validation in entities (guard clauses)
• Input validation in ViewModels (ObservableValidator)
• API validation in Infrastructure (data annotations)

Error Handling

• Domain: Throw domain exceptions
• Application: Catch and translate to results
• Infrastructure: Wrap external errors
• UI: Display user-friendly messages

Anti-Patterns to Avoid

Project References

3SC.UI
├── 3SC.Application
├── 3SC.Infrastructure  
└── 3SC.Domain

3SC.Application
└── 3SC.Domain

3SC.Infrastructure
├── 3SC.Application
└── 3SC.Domain

3SC.Domain
└── (no references)

Testing Strategy

• Domain: Unit tests, no mocks needed
• Application: Unit tests with mocked interfaces
• Infrastructure: Integration tests with test database
• UI/ViewModels: Unit tests with mocked services

References

• Clean Architecture by Robert C. Martin
• Dependency Injection in .NET