Obsidian学习笔记数据库技能
🎯 设计理念
为学习笔记优化的数据库系统，实现：
- 智能分类: 按学科、难度、状态自动分组
- 进度追踪: 实时监控学习进度和掌握情况
- 知识关联: 发现笔记间的关联关系
- 统计分析: 可视化学习数据和趋势
📊 核心功能
Obsidian Bases = YAML配置 + 动态查询 + 多视图展示
- 数据源: 笔记属性和元数据
- 查询引擎: 强大的过滤和公式系统
- 视图系统: 表格、卡片、列表等多种展示
- 统计分析: 自动计算和汇总功能
File Format
Base files use the .base extension and contain valid YAML. They can also be embedded in Markdown code blocks.
Complete Schema
# Global filters apply to ALL views in the base
filters:
# Can be a single filter string
# OR a recursive filter object with and/or/not
and: []
or: []
not: []
# Define formula properties that can be used across all views
formulas:
formula_name: 'expression'
# Configure display names and settings for properties
properties:
property_name:
displayName: "Display Name"
formula.formula_name:
displayName: "Formula Display Name"
file.ext:
displayName: "Extension"
# Define custom summary formulas
summaries:
custom_summary_name: 'values.mean().round(3)'
# Define one or more views
views:
- type: table | cards | list | map
name: "View Name"
limit: 10 # Optional: limit results
groupBy: # Optional: group results
property: property_name
direction: ASC | DESC
filters: # View-specific filters
and: []
order: # Properties to display in order
- file.name
- property_name
- formula.formula_name
summaries: # Map properties to summary formulas
property_name: Average
Filter Syntax
Filters narrow down results. They can be applied globally or per-view.
Filter Structure
# Single filter
filters: 'status == "done"'
# AND - all conditions must be true
filters:
and:
- 'status == "done"'
- 'priority > 3'
# OR - any condition can be true
filters:
or:
- 'file.hasTag("book")'
- 'file.hasTag("article")'
# NOT - exclude matching items
filters:
not:
- 'file.hasTag("archived")'
# Nested filters
filters:
or:
- file.hasTag("tag")
- and:
- file.hasTag("book")
- file.hasLink("Textbook")
- not:
- file.hasTag("book")
- file.inFolder("Required Reading")
Filter Operators
| Operator | Description |
|---|
== | equals |
!= | not equal |
> | greater than |
< | less than |
>= | greater than or equal |
<= | less than or equal |
&& | logical and |
| `\ | \ | ` | logical or |
| ! | logical not |
Properties
Three Types of Properties
- Note properties - From frontmatter:
note.author or just author - File properties - File metadata:
file.name, file.mtime, etc. - Formula properties - Computed values:
formula.my_formula
File Properties Reference
| Property | Type | Description |
|---|
file.name | String | File name |
file.basename | String | File name without extension |
file.path | String | Full path to file |
file.folder | String | Parent folder path |
file.ext | String | File extension |
file.size | Number | File size in bytes |
file.ctime | Date | Created time |
file.mtime | Date | Modified time |
file.tags | List | All tags in file |
file.links | List | Internal links in file |
file.backlinks | List | Files linking to this file |
file.embeds | List | Embeds in the note |
file.properties | Object | All frontmatter properties |
The this Keyword
- In main content area: refers to the base file itself
- When embedded: refers to the embedding file
- In sidebar: refers to the active file in main content
Formula Syntax
Formulas compute values from properties. Defined in the formulas section.
formulas:
# Simple arithmetic
total: "price * quantity"
# Conditional logic
status_icon: 'if(done, "✅", "⏳")'
# String formatting
formatted_price: 'if(price, price.toFixed(2) + " dollars")'
# Date formatting
created: 'file.ctime.format("YYYY-MM-DD")'
# Complex expressions
days_old: '((now() - file.ctime) / 86400000).round(0)'
Functions Reference
Global Functions
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
date() | date(string): date | Parse string to date. Format: YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss |
duration() | duration(string): duration | Parse duration string |
now() | now(): date | Current date and time |
today() | today(): date | Current date (time = 00:00:00) |
if() | if(condition, trueResult, falseResult?) | Conditional |
min() | min(n1, n2,...): number | Smallest number |
max() | max(n1, n2,...): number | Largest number |
number() | number(any): number | Convert to number |
link() | link(path, display?): Link | Create a link |
list() | list(element): List | Wrap in list if not already |
file() | file(path): file | Get file object |
image() | image(path): image | Create image for rendering |
icon() | icon(name): icon | Lucide icon by name |
html() | html(string): html | Render as HTML |
escapeHTML() | escapeHTML(string): string | Escape HTML characters |
Any Type Functions
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
isTruthy() | any.isTruthy(): boolean | Coerce to boolean |
isType() | any.isType(type): boolean | Check type |
toString() | any.toString(): string | Convert to string |
Date Functions & Fields
Fields: date.year, date.month, date.day, date.hour, date.minute, date.second, date.millisecond
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
date() | date.date(): date | Remove time portion |
format() | date.format(string): string | Format with Moment.js pattern |
time() | date.time(): string | Get time as string |
relative() | date.relative(): string | Human-readable relative time |
isEmpty() | date.isEmpty(): boolean | Always false for dates |
Date Arithmetic
# Duration units: y/year/years, M/month/months, d/day/days,
# w/week/weeks, h/hour/hours, m/minute/minutes, s/second/seconds
# Add/subtract durations
"date + \"1M\"" # Add 1 month
"date - \"2h\"" # Subtract 2 hours
"now() + \"1 day\"" # Tomorrow
"today() + \"7d\"" # A week from today
# Subtract dates for millisecond difference
"now() - file.ctime"
# Complex duration arithmetic
"now() + (duration('1d') * 2)"
String Functions
Field: string.length
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
contains() | string.contains(value): boolean | Check substring |
containsAll() | string.containsAll(...values): boolean | All substrings present |
containsAny() | string.containsAny(...values): boolean | Any substring present |
startsWith() | string.startsWith(query): boolean | Starts with query |
endsWith() | string.endsWith(query): boolean | Ends with query |
isEmpty() | string.isEmpty(): boolean | Empty or not present |
lower() | string.lower(): string | To lowercase |
title() | string.title(): string | To Title Case |
trim() | string.trim(): string | Remove whitespace |
replace() | string.replace(pattern, replacement): string | Replace pattern |
repeat() | string.repeat(count): string | Repeat string |
reverse() | string.reverse(): string | Reverse string |
slice() | string.slice(start, end?): string | Substring |
split() | string.split(separator, n?): list | Split to list |
Number Functions
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
abs() | number.abs(): number | Absolute value |
ceil() | number.ceil(): number | Round up |
floor() | number.floor(): number | Round down |
round() | number.round(digits?): number | Round to digits |
toFixed() | number.toFixed(precision): string | Fixed-point notation |
isEmpty() | number.isEmpty(): boolean | Not present |
List Functions
Field: list.length
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
contains() | list.contains(value): boolean | Element exists |
containsAll() | list.containsAll(...values): boolean | All elements exist |
containsAny() | list.containsAny(...values): boolean | Any element exists |
filter() | list.filter(expression): list | Filter by condition (uses value, index) |
map() | list.map(expression): list | Transform elements (uses value, index) |
reduce() | list.reduce(expression, initial): any | Reduce to single value (uses value, index, acc) |
flat() | list.flat(): list | Flatten nested lists |
join() | list.join(separator): string | Join to string |
reverse() | list.reverse(): list | Reverse order |
slice() | list.slice(start, end?): list | Sublist |
sort() | list.sort(): list | Sort ascending |
unique() | list.unique(): list | Remove duplicates |
isEmpty() | list.isEmpty(): boolean | No elements |
File Functions
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
asLink() | file.asLink(display?): Link | Convert to link |
hasLink() | file.hasLink(otherFile): boolean | Has link to file |
hasTag() | file.hasTag(...tags): boolean | Has any of the tags |
hasProperty() | file.hasProperty(name): boolean | Has property |
inFolder() | file.inFolder(folder): boolean | In folder or subfolder |
Link Functions
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
asFile() | link.asFile(): file | Get file object |
linksTo() | link.linksTo(file): boolean | Links to file |
Object Functions
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
isEmpty() | object.isEmpty(): boolean | No properties |
keys() | object.keys(): list | List of keys |
values() | object.values(): list | List of values |
Regular Expression Functions
| Function | Signature | Description |
|---|
matches() | regexp.matches(string): boolean | Test if matches |
View Types
Table View
views:
- type: table
name: "My Table"
order:
- file.name
- status
- due_date
summaries:
price: Sum
count: Average
Cards View
views:
- type: cards
name: "Gallery"
order:
- file.name
- cover_image
- description
List View
views:
- type: list
name: "Simple List"
order:
- file.name
- status
Map View
Requires latitude/longitude properties and the Maps community plugin.
views:
- type: map
name: "Locations"
# Map-specific settings for lat/lng properties
Default Summary Formulas
| Name | Input Type | Description |
|---|
Average | Number | Mathematical mean |
Min | Number | Smallest number |
Max | Number | Largest number |
Sum | Number | Sum of all numbers |
Range | Number | Max - Min |
Median | Number | Mathematical median |
Stddev | Number | Standard deviation |
Earliest | Date | Earliest date |
Latest | Date | Latest date |
Range | Date | Latest - Earliest |
Checked | Boolean | Count of true values |
Unchecked | Boolean | Count of false values |
Empty | Any | Count of empty values |
Filled | Any | Count of non-empty values |
Unique | Any | Count of unique values |
🎓 学习笔记数据库示例
学习进度总览
filters:
and:
- file.hasTag("学习")
- 'file.ext == "md"'
formulas:
# 学习进度计算
progress_percent: 'if(progress, progress, 0)'
mastery_level: 'if(confidence, "⭐".repeat(confidence), "📝")'
urgency_score: 'if(priority == "高", 3, if(priority == "中", 2, 1))'
days_since_created: '((now() - date(created)) / 86400000).round(0)'
needs_review: 'if(next_review && date(next_review) < today(), "🔄", "")'
# 智能分类
category_type: 'if(file.hasTag("概念"), "📖 概念", if(file.hasTag("算法"), "⚙️ 算法", if(file.hasTag("实现"), "💻 实现", "📚 其他")))'
# 难度可视化
difficulty_emoji: 'if(difficulty == "入门", "🟢", if(difficulty == "进阶", "🟡", if(difficulty == "高级", "🔴", "⚪")))'
properties:
status:
displayName: "状态"
difficulty:
displayName: "难度"
rating:
displayName: "评分"
formula.progress_percent:
displayName: "进度%"
formula.mastery_level:
displayName: "掌握度"
formula.category_type:
displayName: "分类"
formula.difficulty_emoji:
displayName: ""
formula.needs_review:
displayName: ""
views:
- type: table
name: "📊 学习总览"
order:
- formula.category_type
- file.name
- status
- formula.difficulty_emoji
- formula.progress_percent
- formula.mastery_level
- rating
- formula.needs_review
groupBy:
property: status
direction: ASC
summaries:
formula.progress_percent: Average
rating: Average
- type: cards
name: "🎯 当前学习"
filters:
and:
- 'status == "学习中"'
order:
- file.name
- formula.category_type
- formula.difficulty_emoji
- formula.progress_percent
- formula.mastery_level
📚 知识体系管理
filters:
and:
- or:
- file.hasTag("概念")
- file.hasTag("算法")
- file.hasTag("理论")
formulas:
# 知识关联度
link_count: 'file.links.length'
backlink_count: 'file.backlinks.length'
knowledge_score: '(rating * confidence + link_count + backlink_count) / 3'
# 学习路径
learning_stage: 'if(progress < 30, "🌱 初学", if(progress < 70, "🌿 进阶", "🌳 精通"))'
completion_rate: 'if(progress, progress, 0)'
# 依赖关系
has_prerequisites: 'if(prerequisites, "✅", "❌")'
dependency_count: 'if(dependencies, dependencies.length, 0)'
# 时间分析
learning_duration: '((date(modified) - date(created)) / 86400000).round(0)'
is_recent: 'if(date(modified) > now() - "7d", "🆕", "")'
properties:
formula.learning_stage:
displayName: "学习阶段"
formula.knowledge_score:
displayName: "知识分"
formula.link_count:
displayName: "链接数"
formula.completion_rate:
displayName: "完成度"
formula.has_prerequisites:
displayName: "前置"
formula.learning_duration:
displayName: "学习天数"
formula.is_recent:
displayName: ""
views:
- type: table
name: "🧠 知识图谱"
order:
- file.name
- formula.learning_stage
- formula.knowledge_score
- formula.link_count
- formula.backlink_count
- formula.completion_rate
- formula.has_prerequisites
- formula.learning_duration
- formula.is_recent
groupBy:
property: difficulty
direction: ASC
summaries:
formula.knowledge_score: Average
formula.completion_rate: Average
- type: list
name: "🎯 核心概念"
filters:
and:
- file.hasTag("概念")
- 'rating >= 4'
order:
- file.name
- formula.knowledge_score
- confidence
📈 学习统计分析
filters:
and:
- file.hasTag("学习")
- 'progress != ""'
formulas:
# 统计指标
total_notes: '1'
completed_count: 'if(status == "已掌握", 1, 0)'
in_progress_count: 'if(status == "学习中", 1, 0)'
# 质量评估
quality_score: '(rating + confidence + progress) / 3'
is_high_quality: 'if(quality_score >= 4, "🏆", "")'
# 效率分析
efficiency: 'if(learning_duration > 0, (progress / learning_duration).round(2), 0)'
is_efficient: 'if(efficiency >= 5, "⚡", "")'
# 复习管理
review_overdue: 'if(next_review && date(next_review) < today(), "⏰", "")'
days_to_review: 'if(next_review, ((date(next_review) - today()) / 86400000).round(0), "")'
summaries:
total_learning: 'values.sum()'
completion_rate: '(values.filter(v => v == 1).sum() / values.sum() * 100).round(1)'
avg_quality: 'values.mean().round(2)'
avg_efficiency: 'values.mean().round(2)'
properties:
formula.quality_score:
displayName: "质量分"
formula.efficiency:
displayName: "效率"
formula.is_high_quality:
displayName: ""
formula.is_efficient:
displayName: ""
formula.review_overdue:
displayName: "复习"
formula.days_to_review:
displayName: "天数"
views:
- type: table
name: "📊 学习统计"
order:
- file.name
- status
- formula.quality_score
- formula.efficiency
- progress
- formula.review_overdue
- formula.days_to_review
- formula.is_high_quality
- formula.is_efficient
summaries:
formula.total_notes: total_learning
formula.completed_count: completion_rate
formula.quality_score: avg_quality
formula.efficiency: avg_efficiency
- type: table
name: "⏰ 复习提醒"
filters:
or:
- 'next_review && date(next_review) <= today() + "3d"'
- 'next_review == ""'
order:
- formula.days_to_review
- file.name
- status
- confidence
- formula.review_overdue
Daily Notes Index
filters:
and:
- file.inFolder("Daily Notes")
- '/^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}$/.matches(file.basename)'
formulas:
word_estimate: '(file.size / 5).round(0)'
day_of_week: 'date(file.basename).format("dddd")'
properties:
formula.day_of_week:
displayName: "Day"
formula.word_estimate:
displayName: "~Words"
views:
- type: table
name: "Recent Notes"
limit: 30
order:
- file.name
- formula.day_of_week
- formula.word_estimate
- file.mtime
Embedding Bases
Embed in Markdown files:
![[MyBase.base]]
<!-- Specific view -->
![[MyBase.base#View Name]]
YAML Quoting Rules
- Use single quotes for formulas containing double quotes:
'if(done, "Yes", "No")' - Use double quotes for simple strings:
"My View Name" - Escape nested quotes properly in complex expressions
Common Patterns
Filter by Tag
filters:
and:
- file.hasTag("project")
Filter by Folder
filters:
and:
- file.inFolder("Notes")
Filter by Date Range
filters:
and:
- 'file.mtime > now() - "7d"'
Filter by Property Value
filters:
and:
- 'status == "active"'
- 'priority >= 3'
Combine Multiple Conditions
filters:
or:
- and:
- file.hasTag("important")
- 'status != "done"'
- and:
- 'priority == 1'
- 'due != ""'
References
