Analytics & Instrumentation
Track decisions, not dashboards. This skill helps you set up analytics that answer the questions that matter — without drowning in data.
Core Principles
- Every metric should connect to an action you'd take differently based on the result.
- Instrument events at build time, not as an afterthought. It's 10x easier.
- More data ≠ better decisions. Focus on 5-10 key metrics per stage.
- Data quality matters more than data quantity. One clean funnel beats fifty broken ones.
Choosing an Analytics Tool
You don't need to write code to track events. Pick a tool, add the snippet, and configure in the UI.
Recommended by Stage
| Stage | Tool | Why | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-revenue | PostHog | Product analytics, funnels, session replay. Built for SaaS. | Free (1M events/mo) |
| Pre-revenue | Plausible | Simple, privacy-first traffic analytics. | $9/mo |
| $0-5K MRR | PostHog or Mixpanel | Deeper funnel analysis, cohort retention | Free tier or ~$200/mo |
| $5K+ MRR | Amplitude or Heap | Advanced analytics, experimentation | $500+/mo |
Recommendation for solo founders: Start with PostHog (free tier). It covers product analytics, funnels, session recordings, and feature flags — all things you'll need.
For basic traffic analytics (where visitors come from), add Plausible or Google Analytics 4 (free).
Setup
Tell AI:
Set up PostHog analytics:
1. Create a PostHog project and get the API key
2. Add the PostHog JavaScript snippet to our app (in the <head> or layout component)
3. Verify it's tracking page views by checking the PostHog dashboard
4. Configure: exclude admin/test accounts from trackingWhat to Track (By Stage)
Pre-Launch (Just These 3)
- Landing page visits (traffic source)
- Waitlist/signup conversions
- Where visitors drop off
0-$1K MRR (Add These)
- Signup → activation rate (completed key action)
- Time to activate (hours from signup to key action)
- D7 retention (% returning after 1 week)
- Free-to-paid conversion
$1K-$10K MRR (Add These)
- Feature adoption (% of users using each feature weekly)
- Cohort retention curves (track each month's signups over time)
- Expansion revenue triggers (what behavior precedes upgrades)
- Churn rate and reasons
Event Naming Conventions
Use a consistent schema so events make sense to anyone reading them.
Format: [Object] [Action] in past tense, Title Case.
| Event Name | When It Fires |
|---|---|
| Signup Form Submitted | User completes registration |
| Project Created | User creates their first/any project |
| Dashboard Viewed | User visits the main dashboard |
| Report Exported | User downloads or shares a report |
| Subscription Upgraded | User moves to a higher plan |
| Invite Sent | User invites a teammate |
Rules:
- Object first, then action (makes grouping in tools easier)
- Past tense (the event already happened)
- Be specific: "Signup Form Submitted" not "Form Submitted"
- Never include personal data in the event name
Event Properties
Every event should include context:
"Project Created"
template_used: "blank" | "marketing" | "engineering"
source: "dashboard" | "onboarding" | "api"
"Subscription Upgraded"
from_plan: "free"
to_plan: "pro"
billing_period: "annual"
trigger: "usage_limit" | "feature_gate" | "self_serve"Tell AI:
Set up event tracking for our core funnel:
- Track these events: [list your key events from the table above]
- Include these properties with each event: [relevant properties]
- Set user-level properties on identify: plan, signup_date, role
- Verify events are firing correctly in PostHog/MixpanelCore Metrics Framework
The 5 Metrics That Matter
| Metric | What It Tells You | How to Calculate |
|---|---|---|
| Signup rate | Is your marketing working? | Visitors → Signups |
| Activation rate | Is your onboarding working? | Signups → Completed key action |
| D7 retention | Does your product deliver ongoing value? | % of users returning 7 days later |
| Free-to-paid | Is your product worth paying for? | Free users → Paying users |
| MRR | Is your business growing? | Sum of all monthly subscription revenue |
Setting Up Your Dashboard
Tell AI:
Create an analytics dashboard with these 5 charts:
1. Daily signups (line chart, last 30 days, by source)
2. Activation rate (% of signups who [completed key action], last 30 days)
3. D7 retention (% of each week's signups who returned 7 days later)
4. Free-to-paid conversion rate (last 30 days)
5. MRR (line chart, all time)
This should be the first thing I see when I open analytics.Funnel Instrumentation
Define your core funnel and track every step:
Typical SaaS funnel:
1. Landing Page Viewed
2. Signup Form Viewed
3. Signup Form Submitted
4. Onboarding Started
5. [Key Activation Action] Completed
6. Second Session (returned next day/week)
7. Upgrade Page Viewed
8. Subscription CreatedThe biggest drop-off between steps = your biggest opportunity. Fix that first.
Tell AI:
Instrument our conversion funnel:
- Track these events in order: [list your funnel steps]
- Build a funnel visualization showing drop-off between each step
- Set up an alert if any step's conversion drops below [X]% week-over-weekPrivacy and Compliance
Add these before you launch:
- Add analytics tool reference to your Privacy Policy
- Add cookie consent banner if required (depends on tool and geography)
- Enable "anonymize IP" in your analytics tool
- Exclude admin/test accounts from tracking
- Never track PII (email, name) in event properties without consent
- Allow users to opt out of tracking
- Respect Do Not Track (DNT) browser settings
Tell AI:
Add privacy compliance for analytics:
- Add a cookie consent banner that loads analytics only after consent
- Exclude users with DNT enabled
- Add an "opt out of tracking" toggle in account settings
- Ensure no PII is sent in event propertiesCommon Mistakes
| Mistake | Fix |
|---|---|
| Tracking everything from day one | Start with 5 metrics. Add more when you have questions they can't answer. |
| No analytics until post-launch | Add the snippet during build. Track from first user. |
| Dashboard but no actions | Every metric should have an "if this drops, I'll do X" response |
| Ignoring data quality | Check that events are firing correctly once a week for the first month |
| Paying for expensive tools too early | PostHog free tier handles most needs until $5K MRR |
If You Can't Set Up Analytics Right Now
Track these manually in a spreadsheet until you can:
| Week | Signups | Activated | Retained (D7) | Paid | MRR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | |||||
| Week 2 |
Even rough manual tracking beats flying blind. Graduate to a real tool as soon as you can.