writing-coach（写作教练）

Writing Coach

Complete framework for writing clearly, editing ruthlessly, and communicating ideas with maximum impact.

When to Use

• Writing emails, documents, or reports
• Editing drafts for clarity and impact
• Improving writing style
• Overcoming writer's block
• Learning to write for specific audiences
• Developing consistent writing habits

Core Writing Principles

Clarity First:

BEFORE: "It is important to note that the implementation of the new
         system will be occurring in the near future."

AFTER:  "We're launching the new system next month."

One Idea Per Sentence:

BAD:  "The project was delayed because the vendor didn't deliver on
       time and we had to find a new supplier, which took two weeks,
       and then there were quality issues."

GOOD: "The project was delayed by four weeks. Our vendor missed their
       delivery date. Finding a replacement took two weeks. Quality
       issues caused another two-week delay."

Active Voice > Passive Voice:

PASSIVE: "The report was written by Sarah."
ACTIVE:  "Sarah wrote the report."

PASSIVE: "Mistakes were made."
ACTIVE:  "We made mistakes."

Workflow

Step 1: Pre-Writing (Clarify Your Thinking)

Before writing a single word, answer:

## Writing Brief

**Purpose**: Why am I writing this?
- [ ] To inform
- [ ] To persuade
- [ ] To instruct
- [ ] To entertain

**Audience**: Who will read this?
- Role:
- Knowledge level:
- What they care about:
- What they need to know:

**Key Message**: If they remember one thing, what should it be?
[One sentence]

**Desired Outcome**: What should happen after they read this?
[Specific action or understanding]

**Constraints**:
- Length: [Word count or time to read]
- Tone: [Formal / Casual / Technical / Friendly]
- Format: [Email / Report / Article / Docs]

Example:

Purpose: Persuade stakeholders to approve project
Audience: Executive team (busy, non-technical, care about ROI)
Key Message: This project will save $200K annually
Desired Outcome: Approval to proceed
Constraints: 1-page summary, professional tone

Step 2: Structure First (Pyramid Principle)

Lead with the conclusion, then support it.

STRUCTURE:
1. Main point (conclusion)
2. Supporting argument 1
3. Supporting argument 2
4. Supporting argument 3
5. Evidence for each

NOT:
1. Background
2. History
3. Context
4. Analysis
5. Finally, the point (reader already lost)

Email Structure Example:

Subject: [Action needed] [Topic] by [Date]

Hi [Name],

[Main point: What you need and by when]

[Background: Why this matters - keep short]

[Next steps: Specific actions]

Thanks,
[Name]

Document Structure Example:

## Executive Summary
[Key point in 2-3 sentences - the conclusion]

## Background
[Just enough context for the reader to understand]

## Analysis/Findings
[Your work, organized logically]

## Recommendation
[What you think should happen]

## Next Steps
[Specific actions, owners, dates]

Step 3: Write the Terrible First Draft

Permission to write badly:

RULE: Your first draft's job is to exist, not to be good.

DO:
- Write without editing
- Get all ideas down
- Don't worry about word choice
- Keep momentum
- Write badly on purpose

DON'T:
- Edit as you write
- Delete anything
- Worry about perfection
- Stop to look things up (mark with [TK])

Overcoming Writer's Block:

Technique 1: Brain Dump

Set timer for 10 minutes.
Write everything you know about the topic.
No structure, no quality filter.
Just dump it all on the page.

Technique 2: Talk It Out

Imagine explaining to a friend.
Record yourself talking through the topic.
Transcribe (or use voice-to-text).
Edit the transcript.

Technique 3: Start in the Middle

Can't write the intro? Skip it.
Write the easiest section first.
Build momentum.
Come back to hard parts.

Step 4: Edit Ruthlessly (Three-Pass System)

Pass 1: Structure (The Big Picture)

## Structural Edit Checklist

**Opening:**
- [ ] Does it hook the reader?
- [ ] Is the main point clear in first paragraph?
- [ ] Would a busy person keep reading?

**Body:**
- [ ] Does each section have one clear purpose?
- [ ] Is the flow logical?
- [ ] Are there gaps in logic?
- [ ] Is anything out of order?

**Closing:**
- [ ] Does it reinforce the main point?
- [ ] Are next steps clear?
- [ ] Does it leave the reader satisfied?

**Cut Ruthlessly:**
- [ ] Does every section serve the purpose?
- [ ] What can be removed without losing meaning?

Pass 2: Clarity (Line-by-Line)

## Clarity Edit Checklist

**Sentences:**
- [ ] Can any sentences be split? (1 idea per sentence)
- [ ] Are there words that can be cut?
- [ ] Is jargon necessary or can it be simplified?
- [ ] Are pronouns clear? (what does "it" refer to?)
- [ ] Are transitions smooth?

**Paragraphs:**
- [ ] One main idea per paragraph?
- [ ] Is the first sentence a clear topic sentence?
- [ ] Do sentences flow logically?

**Word Choice:**
- [ ] Are verbs active, not passive?
- [ ] Are nouns concrete, not abstract?
- [ ] Is language simple and direct?

Common Clarity Fixes:

Vague → Specific:

Pass 3: Style (Polish)

## Style Edit Checklist

**Voice:**
- [ ] Is the voice consistent?
- [ ] Is the tone appropriate for the audience?
- [ ] Does it sound like a human wrote it?

**Rhythm:**
- [ ] Do I vary sentence length?
- [ ] Does it read well aloud?
- [ ] Are there any awkward phrases?

**Polish:**
- [ ] Is there unnecessary repetition?
- [ ] Are transitions smooth?
- [ ] Does every word earn its place?

**Final Check:**
- [ ] Read aloud (catches awkward phrasing)
- [ ] Print and read on paper (see with fresh eyes)
- [ ] Have someone else read it (get feedback)

Step 5: Style by Context

Technical Writing:

GOALS: Accuracy, clarity, completeness

DO:
- Define terms on first use
- Use consistent terminology
- Include examples
- Show, don't just tell
- Use code blocks, diagrams
- Prioritize accuracy over elegance

EXAMPLE:
"The API endpoint `/users/:id` accepts a GET request and returns
a user object. The `:id` parameter is the user's unique identifier.

Example request:
GET https://api.example.com/users/123

Example response:
{
  "id": 123,
  "name": "John Doe",
  "email": "john@example.com"
}"

Business Writing:

GOALS: Clarity, brevity, action

DO:
- Lead with the ask
- Keep it short (1 page max for most docs)
- Use bullet points
- End with clear next steps
- Make it skimmable

EXAMPLE:
"We need $50K to hire 2 engineers by Q2.

Benefits:
• Ship product 2 months faster
• Reduce technical debt
• Hit revenue target

Next steps:
• Finance review budget (Jane, by March 1)
• Post job listings (Tom, by March 5)
• Begin interviews (Team, March 15)"

Persuasive Writing:

GOALS: Convince, motivate action

STRUCTURE:
1. Open with their problem
2. Present your solution
3. Provide evidence
4. Address objections
5. Call to action

EXAMPLE:
"You're losing $10K/month to manual processes. [Problem]

Our automation tool eliminates 80% of manual work. [Solution]

Companies like yours saw ROI in 6 weeks. [Evidence]

Yes, it requires training, but we provide onboarding support. [Objection]

Let's schedule a demo this week. [CTA]"

Writing Templates

Email Template (Professional)

Subject: [Specific topic] - [Action if needed]

Hi [Name],

[Purpose in one sentence]

[Context in 2-3 sentences if needed]

[Request or information]

[Next steps or CTA]

Best,
[Your name]

Email Template (Request)

Subject: Request: [What you need] by [When]

Hi [Name],

Quick request: [Specific ask]

Context: [Why you need it, why it matters]

This would help by: [Benefit to them or shared goal]

Timing: [When you need it, any flexibility]

Let me know if you have questions.

Thanks,
[Name]

Document Template

# [Title]

## Summary
[3 sentences: What, Why, So What]

## Background
[Just enough context]

## Details
### Section 1
[Point, evidence, example]

### Section 2
[Point, evidence, example]

## Conclusion
[Reinforce main point]

## Next Steps
- [ ] Action 1 - Owner - Date
- [ ] Action 2 - Owner - Date

Feedback Template

## Feedback on [Document]

### What's Working
- [Specific positive 1]
- [Specific positive 2]

### Suggestions for Improvement
- [Specific suggestion 1 with example]
- [Specific suggestion 2 with example]

### Questions for Clarification
- [Question 1]
- [Question 2]

Common Writing Mistakes

Writing Habit System

Daily Writing Practice:

## 30-Day Writing Challenge

**Goal**: Write every day for 30 days

**Week 1: Quantity**
- Write 250 words/day
- Any topic
- Don't edit
- Build the habit

**Week 2: Clarity**
- Write 250 words/day
- Edit for clarity
- Remove jargon
- One idea per sentence

**Week 3: Style**
- Write 250 words/day
- Vary sentence length
- Use active voice
- Read aloud

**Week 4: Purpose**
- Write 250 words/day
- Write for specific audience
- Have clear purpose
- Get feedback

**Track Progress:**
Day 1: ✅
Day 2: ✅
...

Tools & Resources

Writing Tools:

• Hemingway Editor (readability scoring)
• Grammarly (grammar and tone)
• Notion / Google Docs (drafting)
• iA Writer (distraction-free writing)

Reading for Writers:

• "On Writing Well" by William Zinsser
• "The Elements of Style" by Strunk & White
• "Bird by Bird" by Anne Lamott
• "On Writing" by Stephen King

Practice:

• Write every day (even 100 words)
• Read good writing in your field
• Analyze what makes it work
• Get feedback on your writing

Related Skills

• /learning-coach - Improve faster with deliberate practice
• /copywriter - Writing for marketing and persuasion
• /habit-design - Build consistent writing habits

Last Updated: 2026-01-22