typescript-testing（TypeScript 测试）

TypeScript Testing Rules (Frontend)

Test Framework

• Vitest: This project uses Vitest
• React Testing Library: For component testing
• MSW (Mock Service Worker): For API mocking
• Test imports: import {describe, it, expect, beforeEach, vi} from 'vitest'
• Component test imports: import {render, screen, fireEvent} from '@testing-library/react'
• Mock creation: Use vi.mock()

Basic Testing Policy

Quality Requirements

• Coverage: Unit test coverage must be 60% or higher (Frontend standard 2025)
• Independence: Each test can run independently without depending on other tests
• Reproducibility: Tests are environment-independent and always return the same results
• Readability: Test code maintains the same quality as production code

Coverage Requirements (ADR-0002 Compliant)

Component-specific targets:

• Atoms (Button, Text, etc.): 70% or higher
• Molecules (FormField, etc.): 65% or higher
• Organisms (Header, Footer, etc.): 60% or higher
• Custom Hooks: 65% or higher
• Utils: 70% or higher

Metrics: Statements, Branches, Functions, Lines

Test Types and Scope

1. Unit Tests (React Testing Library)

- Verify behavior of individual components or functions - Mock all external dependencies - Most numerous, implemented with fine granularity - Focus on user-observable behavior

1. Integration Tests (React Testing Library + MSW)

- Verify coordination between multiple components - Mock APIs with MSW (Mock Service Worker) - No actual DB connections (backend manages DB) - Verify major functional flows

1. Cross-functional Verification in E2E Tests

- Mandatory verification of impact on existing features when adding new features - Cover integration points with "High" and "Medium" impact levels from Design Doc's "Integration Point Map" - Verification pattern: Existing feature operation → Enable new feature → Verify continuity of existing features - Success criteria: No change in displayed content, rendering time within 5 seconds - Designed for automatic execution in CI/CD pipelines

Red-Green-Refactor Process (Test-First Development)

Recommended Principle: Always start code changes with tests

Background:

• Ensure behavior before changes, prevent regression
• Clarify expected behavior before implementation
• Ensure safety during refactoring

Development Steps:

1. Red: Write test for expected behavior (it fails)
2. Green: Pass test with minimal implementation
3. Refactor: Improve code while maintaining passing tests

NG Cases (Test-first not required):

• Pure configuration file changes (vite.config.ts, tailwind.config.js, etc.)
• Documentation-only updates (README, comments, etc.)
• Emergency production incident response (post-incident tests mandatory)

Test Design Principles

Test Case Structure

• Tests consist of three stages: "Arrange," "Act," "Assert"
• Clear naming that shows purpose of each test
• One test case verifies only one behavior

Test Data Management

• Manage test data in dedicated directories or co-located with tests
• Define test-specific environment variable values
• Always mock sensitive information
• Keep test data minimal, using only data directly related to test case verification purposes

Mock and Stub Usage Policy

✅ Recommended: Mock external dependencies in unit tests

• Merit: Ensures test independence and reproducibility
• Practice: Mock API calls with MSW, mock external libraries

❌ Avoid: Actual API connections in unit tests

• Reason: Slows test speed and causes environment-dependent problems

Test Failure Response Decision Criteria

Fix tests: Wrong expected values, references to non-existent features, dependence on implementation details, implementation only for tests Fix implementation: Valid specifications, business logic, important edge cases When in doubt: Confirm with user

Test Helper Utilization Rules

Basic Principles

Use test helpers to reduce duplication and improve maintainability.

Decision Criteria

Test Helper Usage Examples

// ✅ Builder pattern for test data
const testUser = createTestUser({ name: 'Test User', email: 'test@example.com' })

// ✅ Custom render function with providers
function renderWithProviders(ui: React.ReactElement) {
  return render(<TestProvider>{ui}</TestProvider>)
}

// ❌ Individual implementation of duplicate complex mocks

Test Implementation Conventions

Directory Structure (Co-location Principle)

src/
└── components/
    └── Button/
        ├── Button.tsx
        ├── Button.test.tsx  # Co-located with component
        └── index.ts

Rationale:

• React Testing Library best practice
• ADR-0002 Co-location principle
• Easy to find and maintain tests alongside implementation

Naming Conventions

• Test files: {ComponentName}.test.tsx
• Integration test files: {FeatureName}.integration.test.tsx
• Test suites: Names describing target components or features
• Test cases: Names describing expected behavior from user perspective

Test Code Quality Rules

✅ Recommended: Keep all tests always active

• Merit: Guarantees test suite completeness
• Practice: Fix problematic tests and activate them

❌ Avoid: test.skip() or commenting out

• Reason: Creates test gaps and incomplete quality checks
• Solution: Completely delete unnecessary tests

Test Granularity Principles

Core Principle: User-Observable Behavior Only

MUST Test: Rendered output, user interactions, accessibility, error states MUST NOT Test: Component internal state, implementation details, CSS class names

// ✅ Test user-observable behavior
expect(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' })).toBeInTheDocument()

// ❌ Test implementation details
expect(component.state.count).toBe(0)

Test Quality Criteria

These criteria ensure reliable, maintainable tests.

Literal Expected Values

Use hardcoded literal values for assertions. This ensures independent verification of implementation correctness.

expect(formatPrice(1000)).toBe('¥1,000')
expect(calculateTax(100)).toBe(10)
expect(user.role).toBe('admin')

Result-Based Verification

Verify final results and outcomes. Use toHaveBeenCalledWith for argument verification.

expect(mockOnSubmit).toHaveBeenCalledWith({ name: 'test' })
expect(result).toEqual({ id: '1', status: 'success' })
expect(screen.getByText('Submitted')).toBeInTheDocument()

Meaningful Assertions

Every test must include at least one expect() that validates observable behavior.

it('displays error message on invalid input', () => {
  render(<Form />)
  fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Submit' }))
  expect(screen.getByText('Required field')).toBeInTheDocument()
})

Appropriate Mock Scope

Mock only direct external I/O dependencies (API clients, database connections). Internal utilities should use real implementations.

vi.mock('./api/userApi')  // External API - mock
vi.mock('./lib/database') // External I/O - mock
// Internal utils like validators/formatters - use real implementations

Mock Type Safety Enforcement

MSW (Mock Service Worker) Setup

// ✅ Type-safe MSW handler
import { rest } from 'msw'

const handlers = [
  rest.get('/api/users/:id', (req, res, ctx) => {
    return res(ctx.json({ id: '1', name: 'John' } satisfies User))
  })
]

Component Mock Type Safety

// ✅ Only required parts
type TestProps = Pick<ButtonProps, 'label' | 'onClick'>
const mockProps: TestProps = { label: 'Click', onClick: vi.fn() }

// Only when absolutely necessary, with clear justification
const mockRouter = {
  push: vi.fn()
} as unknown as Router // Complex router type structure

Continuity Test Scope

Limited to verifying existing feature impact when adding new features. Long-term operations and performance testing are infrastructure responsibilities, not test scope.

Basic React Testing Library Example

import { describe, it, expect, vi } from 'vitest'
import { render, screen, fireEvent } from '@testing-library/react'
import { Button } from './Button'

describe('Button', () => {
  it('should call onClick when clicked', () => {
    const onClick = vi.fn()
    render(<Button label="Click me" onClick={onClick} />)
    fireEvent.click(screen.getByRole('button', { name: 'Click me' }))
    expect(onClick).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
  })
})