Safety Inspection System for Construction
Comprehensive digital safety management system for construction sites with inspection checklists, hazard tracking, and incident reporting.
Business Case
Problem: Paper-based safety management leads to:
- Incomplete inspections (20-30% of items skipped)
- Lost documentation
- Delayed incident reporting
- Difficulty tracking corrective actions
- Compliance audit failures
Solution: Digital system that:
- Enforces complete checklist completion
- Photos attached to each finding
- Instant notifications for hazards
- Tracks corrective actions to closure
- Generates compliance reports
ROI: 40% reduction in recordable incidents, 100% audit compliance
Safety Inspection Types
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ SAFETY INSPECTION TYPES │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ │
│ DAILY WEEKLY SPECIAL │
│ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ ┌─────────────┐ │
│ │ Pre-Work │ │ Area Walk │ │ Pre-Pour │ │
│ │ • Housekeeping│ │ • Fire ext. │ │ • Formwork │ │
│ │ • PPE │ │ • First aid │ │ • Shoring │ │
│ │ • Equipment │ │ • Scaffolds │ │ └─────────────┘ │
│ └─────────────┘ │ • Trenches │ ┌─────────────┐ │
│ ┌─────────────┐ └─────────────┘ │ Crane Setup │ │
│ │ Toolbox Talk│ ┌─────────────┐ │ • Ground │ │
│ │ • Topic │ │ Equipment │ │ • Load chart│ │
│ │ • Attendees │ │ • Cranes │ │ • Rigging │ │
│ │ • Sign-off │ │ • Lifts │ └─────────────┘ │
│ └─────────────┘ │ • Vehicles │ ┌─────────────┐ │
│ ┌─────────────┐ └─────────────┘ │ Hot Work │ │
│ │ End of Day │ │ • Permit │ │
│ │ • Secured │ │ • Fire watch│ │
│ │ • Barricades│ └─────────────┘ │
│ └─────────────┘ │
│ │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘Data Structure
from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from datetime import datetime, date
from enum import Enum
from typing import List, Optional
import uuid
class HazardSeverity(Enum):
CRITICAL = "Critical" # Immediate danger to life
HIGH = "High" # Serious injury potential
MEDIUM = "Medium" # Injury potential
LOW = "Low" # Minor hazard
OBSERVATION = "Observation" # Best practice
class HazardStatus(Enum):
OPEN = "Open"
IN_PROGRESS = "In Progress"
CORRECTED = "Corrected"
VERIFIED = "Verified Closed"
class InspectionType(Enum):
DAILY_PREWORK = "Daily Pre-Work"
TOOLBOX_TALK = "Toolbox Talk"
AREA_INSPECTION = "Area Inspection"
EQUIPMENT_INSPECTION = "Equipment Inspection"
HOT_WORK_PERMIT = "Hot Work Permit"
CONFINED_SPACE = "Confined Space Entry"
CRANE_LIFT = "Crane/Lift Inspection"
SCAFFOLD = "Scaffold Inspection"
EXCAVATION = "Excavation Inspection"
INCIDENT = "Incident Report"
@dataclass
class Hazard:
hazard_id: str
inspection_id: str
description: str
severity: HazardSeverity
location: str
photo_urls: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
assigned_to: str = ""
due_date: date = None
status: HazardStatus = HazardStatus.OPEN
corrective_action: str = ""
corrected_date: date = None
corrected_by: str = ""
verification_date: date = None
verified_by: str = ""
@dataclass
class Inspection:
inspection_id: str
inspection_type: InspectionType
project_id: str
date: date
inspector: str
location: str
checklist_items: List[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
hazards_found: List[Hazard] = field(default_factory=list)
overall_rating: str = "" # Pass/Fail/Conditional
notes: str = ""
photos: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
signatures: List[dict] = field(default_factory=list)
weather: str = ""
created_at: datetime = field(default_factory=datetime.now)
@dataclass
class Incident:
incident_id: str
project_id: str
date: datetime
type: str # Near Miss, First Aid, Recordable, Lost Time
description: str
location: str
injured_party: str = ""
witness_names: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
immediate_actions: str = ""
root_cause: str = ""
corrective_actions: str = ""
reported_by: str = ""
photos: List[str] = field(default_factory=list)
osha_recordable: bool = False
days_away: int = 0
days_restricted: int = 0Python Implementation
import pandas as pd
from datetime import datetime, date, timedelta
from typing import List, Dict, Optional
import json
import os
class SafetyManager:
"""Construction site safety management system"""
def __init__(self, project_id: str, storage_path: str = None):
self.project_id = project_id
self.storage_path = storage_path or f"safety_{project_id}"
self.inspections: Dict[str, Inspection] = {}
self.hazards: Dict[str, Hazard] = {}
self.incidents: Dict[str, Incident] = {}
# Load checklists
self.checklists = self._load_checklists()
def _load_checklists(self) -> Dict[str, List[dict]]:
"""Load inspection checklists"""
return {
InspectionType.DAILY_PREWORK.value: [
{"id": "DP01", "item": "Work area clean and organized", "category": "Housekeeping"},
{"id": "DP02", "item": "Walking surfaces clear of debris", "category": "Housekeeping"},
{"id": "DP03", "item": "All workers have required PPE", "category": "PPE"},
{"id": "DP04", "item": "Hard hats worn in designated areas", "category": "PPE"},
{"id": "DP05", "item": "Safety glasses worn where required", "category": "PPE"},
{"id": "DP06", "item": "High-visibility vests worn", "category": "PPE"},
{"id": "DP07", "item": "Fall protection in use above 6 feet", "category": "Fall Protection"},
{"id": "DP08", "item": "Guardrails/covers on floor openings", "category": "Fall Protection"},
{"id": "DP09", "item": "Ladders in good condition", "category": "Equipment"},
{"id": "DP10", "item": "Extension cords not damaged", "category": "Electrical"},
{"id": "DP11", "item": "GFCIs in use for power tools", "category": "Electrical"},
{"id": "DP12", "item": "Fire extinguishers accessible", "category": "Fire Safety"},
{"id": "DP13", "item": "Emergency exits clear", "category": "Emergency"},
{"id": "DP14", "item": "First aid kit stocked", "category": "Emergency"},
{"id": "DP15", "item": "SDS sheets available", "category": "Hazcom"},
],
InspectionType.SCAFFOLD.value: [
{"id": "SC01", "item": "Base plates/mudsills in place", "category": "Foundation"},
{"id": "SC02", "item": "All legs plumb and level", "category": "Structure"},
{"id": "SC03", "item": "Cross bracing complete", "category": "Structure"},
{"id": "SC04", "item": "Planking fully decked", "category": "Platform"},
{"id": "SC05", "item": "No gaps >1 inch between planks", "category": "Platform"},
{"id": "SC06", "item": "Guardrails at 42 inches", "category": "Guardrails"},
{"id": "SC07", "item": "Midrails at 21 inches", "category": "Guardrails"},
{"id": "SC08", "item": "Toeboards installed", "category": "Guardrails"},
{"id": "SC09", "item": "Access ladder provided", "category": "Access"},
{"id": "SC10", "item": "Tied to structure every 26 feet vertical", "category": "Ties"},
{"id": "SC11", "item": "Inspection tag current", "category": "Documentation"},
{"id": "SC12", "item": "Competent person inspection today", "category": "Documentation"},
],
InspectionType.EXCAVATION.value: [
{"id": "EX01", "item": "Excavation permit obtained", "category": "Permits"},
{"id": "EX02", "item": "Utilities located and marked", "category": "Utilities"},
{"id": "EX03", "item": "Competent person on site", "category": "Supervision"},
{"id": "EX04", "item": "Soil classification completed", "category": "Soil"},
{"id": "EX05", "item": "Appropriate protective system in place", "category": "Protection"},
{"id": "EX06", "item": "Spoil pile 2+ feet from edge", "category": "Housekeeping"},
{"id": "EX07", "item": "Ladder within 25 feet of workers", "category": "Egress"},
{"id": "EX08", "item": "Barricades around excavation", "category": "Protection"},
{"id": "EX09", "item": "Water accumulation addressed", "category": "Conditions"},
{"id": "EX10", "item": "Atmosphere tested if >4 feet", "category": "Air Quality"},
],
}
def create_inspection(
self,
inspection_type: InspectionType,
inspector: str,
location: str,
weather: str = ""
) -> Inspection:
"""Create new inspection"""
inspection_id = f"INS-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')}"
# Get checklist for this type
checklist = self.checklists.get(inspection_type.value, [])
checklist_items = [
{**item, "result": None, "notes": "", "photo": None}
for item in checklist
]
inspection = Inspection(
inspection_id=inspection_id,
inspection_type=inspection_type,
project_id=self.project_id,
date=date.today(),
inspector=inspector,
location=location,
checklist_items=checklist_items,
weather=weather
)
self.inspections[inspection_id] = inspection
return inspection
def complete_checklist_item(
self,
inspection_id: str,
item_id: str,
result: str, # "Pass", "Fail", "N/A"
notes: str = "",
photo_url: str = None
) -> Inspection:
"""Complete a checklist item"""
inspection = self.inspections.get(inspection_id)
if not inspection:
raise ValueError(f"Inspection {inspection_id} not found")
for item in inspection.checklist_items:
if item["id"] == item_id:
item["result"] = result
item["notes"] = notes
item["photo"] = photo_url
break
# If failed, prompt for hazard creation
if result == "Fail":
print(f"⚠️ Item {item_id} failed - create hazard record")
return inspection
def add_hazard(
self,
inspection_id: str,
description: str,
severity: HazardSeverity,
location: str,
assigned_to: str = "",
due_date: date = None,
photo_urls: List[str] = None
) -> Hazard:
"""Record a hazard finding"""
hazard_id = f"HAZ-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')}"
if due_date is None:
# Default due dates by severity
days = {
HazardSeverity.CRITICAL: 0, # Immediate
HazardSeverity.HIGH: 1, # 24 hours
HazardSeverity.MEDIUM: 3, # 3 days
HazardSeverity.LOW: 7, # 1 week
HazardSeverity.OBSERVATION: 14 # 2 weeks
}
due_date = date.today() + timedelta(days=days.get(severity, 7))
hazard = Hazard(
hazard_id=hazard_id,
inspection_id=inspection_id,
description=description,
severity=severity,
location=location,
assigned_to=assigned_to,
due_date=due_date,
photo_urls=photo_urls or []
)
self.hazards[hazard_id] = hazard
# Add to inspection
if inspection_id in self.inspections:
self.inspections[inspection_id].hazards_found.append(hazard)
# Notify for critical/high severity
if severity in [HazardSeverity.CRITICAL, HazardSeverity.HIGH]:
self._notify_hazard(hazard)
return hazard
def correct_hazard(
self,
hazard_id: str,
corrective_action: str,
corrected_by: str,
photo_url: str = None
) -> Hazard:
"""Record hazard correction"""
hazard = self.hazards.get(hazard_id)
if not hazard:
raise ValueError(f"Hazard {hazard_id} not found")
hazard.corrective_action = corrective_action
hazard.corrected_by = corrected_by
hazard.corrected_date = date.today()
hazard.status = HazardStatus.CORRECTED
if photo_url:
hazard.photo_urls.append(photo_url)
return hazard
def verify_hazard_closure(
self,
hazard_id: str,
verified_by: str
) -> Hazard:
"""Verify hazard has been properly corrected"""
hazard = self.hazards.get(hazard_id)
if not hazard:
raise ValueError(f"Hazard {hazard_id} not found")
if hazard.status != HazardStatus.CORRECTED:
raise ValueError(f"Hazard {hazard_id} not corrected yet")
hazard.verified_by = verified_by
hazard.verification_date = date.today()
hazard.status = HazardStatus.VERIFIED
return hazard
def report_incident(
self,
incident_type: str,
description: str,
location: str,
injured_party: str = "",
witness_names: List[str] = None,
immediate_actions: str = "",
reported_by: str = "",
photo_urls: List[str] = None
) -> Incident:
"""Report safety incident"""
incident_id = f"INC-{datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S')}"
incident = Incident(
incident_id=incident_id,
project_id=self.project_id,
date=datetime.now(),
type=incident_type,
description=description,
location=location,
injured_party=injured_party,
witness_names=witness_names or [],
immediate_actions=immediate_actions,
reported_by=reported_by,
photos=photo_urls or []
)
self.incidents[incident_id] = incident
# Immediate notification for all incidents
self._notify_incident(incident)
return incident
def get_open_hazards(self) -> List[Hazard]:
"""Get all open hazards"""
return [
h for h in self.hazards.values()
if h.status in [HazardStatus.OPEN, HazardStatus.IN_PROGRESS]
]
def get_overdue_hazards(self) -> List[Hazard]:
"""Get overdue hazards"""
today = date.today()
return [
h for h in self.hazards.values()
if h.status == HazardStatus.OPEN and h.due_date < today
]
def get_statistics(self, period_days: int = 30) -> dict:
"""Get safety statistics"""
cutoff = date.today() - timedelta(days=period_days)
# Filter by period
period_inspections = [
i for i in self.inspections.values()
if i.date >= cutoff
]
period_hazards = [
h for h in self.hazards.values()
# Get creation date from inspection
]
period_incidents = [
i for i in self.incidents.values()
if i.date.date() >= cutoff
]
# Calculate metrics
total_inspections = len(period_inspections)
total_hazards = len(self.hazards)
open_hazards = len(self.get_open_hazards())
overdue_hazards = len(self.get_overdue_hazards())
# Incident metrics
near_misses = len([i for i in period_incidents if i.type == "Near Miss"])
first_aid = len([i for i in period_incidents if i.type == "First Aid"])
recordables = len([i for i in period_incidents if i.osha_recordable])
# Calculate TRIR (Total Recordable Incident Rate)
# TRIR = (Recordables × 200,000) / Total Hours Worked
# Assuming 50 workers × 8 hours × 22 days = 8,800 hours/month
estimated_hours = 8800 * (period_days / 30)
trir = (recordables * 200000 / estimated_hours) if estimated_hours > 0 else 0
return {
'period_days': period_days,
'inspections_completed': total_inspections,
'hazards_identified': total_hazards,
'hazards_open': open_hazards,
'hazards_overdue': overdue_hazards,
'hazards_by_severity': self._count_by_severity(),
'incidents_total': len(period_incidents),
'near_misses': near_misses,
'first_aid': first_aid,
'recordables': recordables,
'trir': round(trir, 2),
'days_since_last_recordable': self._days_since_recordable()
}
def _count_by_severity(self) -> dict:
"""Count hazards by severity"""
result = {s.value: 0 for s in HazardSeverity}
for hazard in self.hazards.values():
if hazard.status != HazardStatus.VERIFIED:
result[hazard.severity.value] += 1
return result
def _days_since_recordable(self) -> int:
"""Calculate days since last recordable incident"""
recordables = [
i for i in self.incidents.values()
if i.osha_recordable
]
if not recordables:
return 365 # Assume 1 year if no recordables
last = max(recordables, key=lambda x: x.date)
return (datetime.now() - last.date).days
def _notify_hazard(self, hazard: Hazard):
"""Send notification for high-severity hazard"""
print(f"🚨 HAZARD ALERT: {hazard.severity.value}")
print(f" Location: {hazard.location}")
print(f" Description: {hazard.description}")
print(f" Assigned to: {hazard.assigned_to}")
print(f" Due: {hazard.due_date}")
def _notify_incident(self, incident: Incident):
"""Send notification for incident"""
print(f"⚠️ INCIDENT REPORTED: {incident.type}")
print(f" Location: {incident.location}")
print(f" Description: {incident.description}")
if incident.injured_party:
print(f" Injured: {incident.injured_party}")
def generate_daily_safety_report(self) -> str:
"""Generate daily safety briefing"""
stats = self.get_statistics(period_days=1)
open_hazards = self.get_open_hazards()
overdue = self.get_overdue_hazards()
report = f"""
╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗
║ DAILY SAFETY BRIEFING ║
║ Project: {self.project_id:<40} ║
║ Date: {date.today().strftime('%d.%m.%Y'):<43} ║
╠══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╣
📊 TODAY'S METRICS
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Days Without Recordable Incident: {stats['days_since_last_recordable']}
Open Hazards: {stats['hazards_open']}
Overdue Hazards: {stats['hazards_overdue']}
⚠️ OPEN HAZARDS REQUIRING ATTENTION
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
"""
if overdue:
report += "🔴 OVERDUE:\n"
for h in overdue:
report += f" • {h.hazard_id}: {h.description[:50]}... (Due: {h.due_date})\n"
critical_high = [h for h in open_hazards
if h.severity in [HazardSeverity.CRITICAL, HazardSeverity.HIGH]]
if critical_high:
report += "\n🟠 CRITICAL/HIGH PRIORITY:\n"
for h in critical_high:
report += f" • {h.hazard_id}: {h.description[:50]}... ({h.severity.value})\n"
report += """
📋 REQUIRED INSPECTIONS TODAY
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
☐ Pre-work safety inspection
☐ Toolbox talk (Topic: ________________)
☐ Equipment inspections
💡 SAFETY FOCUS OF THE DAY
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
[Insert daily focus topic]
╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝
"""
return report
# Usage Example
if __name__ == "__main__":
# Initialize safety manager
safety = SafetyManager(project_id="PROJECT-2026-001")
# Create daily pre-work inspection
inspection = safety.create_inspection(
inspection_type=InspectionType.DAILY_PREWORK,
inspector="Ivan Petrov",
location="Building A, Floor 5",
weather="Clear, -5°C"
)
print(f"Created inspection: {inspection.inspection_id}")
# Complete checklist items
safety.complete_checklist_item(
inspection_id=inspection.inspection_id,
item_id="DP01",
result="Pass"
)
safety.complete_checklist_item(
inspection_id=inspection.inspection_id,
item_id="DP07",
result="Fail",
notes="Worker on scaffold without harness"
)
# Add hazard for failed item
hazard = safety.add_hazard(
inspection_id=inspection.inspection_id,
description="Worker observed on scaffold without fall protection harness",
severity=HazardSeverity.CRITICAL,
location="Building A, Floor 5, West side",
assigned_to="Site Foreman"
)
print(f"Hazard created: {hazard.hazard_id}")
# Correct hazard
safety.correct_hazard(
hazard_id=hazard.hazard_id,
corrective_action="Worker provided harness and retrained on fall protection requirements",
corrected_by="Ivan Petrov"
)
# Verify closure
safety.verify_hazard_closure(
hazard_id=hazard.hazard_id,
verified_by="Safety Manager"
)
# Generate daily report
print(safety.generate_daily_safety_report())Mobile App Integration
# Telegram bot for field safety inspections
name: Safety Inspection Bot
commands:
/inspection:
- Select inspection type
- Show checklist
- Record results (✅/❌)
- Capture photos
- Submit
/hazard:
- Describe hazard
- Select severity
- Take photo
- GPS location
- Assign responsible party
/incident:
- Report type
- Description
- Photos
- Witness info
- Immediate actions*"Safety is not a priority - it's a value. Priorities change, values don't."*