riverpod-best-practices（Riverpod 最佳实践）

Riverpod Best Practices (v3)

This skill outlines the standard operating procedures for using Riverpod v3 in this project. Adherence to these practices ensures maintainability, testability, and consistency.

Core Principles

1. Code Generation (@riverpod): ALWAYS use the @riverpod annotation and riverpod_generator. Do NOT define providers manually (e.g., Provider((ref) =>...)).

- *Why:* Reduces boilerplate, handles autoDispose logic automatically, ensures type safety, and enables easier refactoring.

1. Modular Architecture: Organize code by feature, not by layer.

- *Structure:* lib/modules/[feature]/providers/ for providers, lib/modules/[feature]/screens/ for UI.

1. Unified Ref: Use Ref for all provider interactions. Avoid legacy types like WidgetRef inside providers (use Ref instead).
2. AsyncValue First: Always handle Loading/Error/Data states explicitly in the UI using switch expressions.

Implementation Guidelines

1. Defining Providers

• Class-Based (Notifier): Use for complex state requiring methods (mutations). @riverpod class MyNotifier extends _$MyNotifier {...}
• Functional (Future/Stream): Use for simple data fetching or read-only values. @riverpod Future<Data> myData(Ref ref) async {...}
• KeepAlive: Use @Riverpod(keepAlive: true) ONLY for global state (User, Auth, Settings). Default is autoDispose.

2. State Management

• Side Effects: Perform side effects (API calls, navigation logic) in methods within the Notifier, NOT in the build() method.
• Ref.mounted: Always check ref.mounted after an await before setting state to prevent exceptions on disposed providers. if (ref.mounted) state = AsyncData(data);
• Mutations: To update lists/data, prefer fetching fresh data or optimistically updating state.

3. Consuming Providers

• ConsumerWidget: Extend ConsumerWidget instead of StatelessWidget.
• ConsumerStatefulWidget: Extend ConsumerStatefulWidget if you need initState/dispose.
• Ref.watch: Use ref.watch inside build() to rebuild on changes.
• Ref.read: Use ref.read inside callbacks (e.g., onPressed) to trigger actions. NEVER use ref.read inside build().

4. Naming Conventions

• File Name: snake_case (e.g., user_controller.dart).
• Class Name: PascalCase (e.g., UserController).
• Provider Name (Generated): camelCase (e.g., userControllerProvider).

Resources

• Code Snippets: See references/snippets.md for templates of Notifiers, Providers, and Consumers.
• Testing Guide: See references/testing.md for unit and widget testing patterns.
• Async Gaps & Lifecycle: See references/async_gaps.md for critical info on UnmountedRefException and keepAlive.
• Provider Types: See references/provider_types.md for a decision tree on which provider to use.
• Performance: See references/performance.md for ref.select and optimization tips.
• Architecture: See references/architecture.md for repository patterns and anti-patterns.

Migration (from v2/Manual)

If you encounter manual providers (StateNotifierProvider, ChangeNotifierProvider, etc.):

1. Identify: Locate the logic.
2. Convert: Rewrite as a @riverpod class or function.
3. Replace: Update consumers to use the generated provider (e.g., myProvider instead of myProvider.notifier for watching state).