qt-debugging（qt 调试）

Qt Debugging

Diagnostic Approach

1. Read the full Qt warning output — Qt prints actionable warnings before crashes
2. Categorize the failure type (see categories below)
3. Isolate — reproduce with a minimal test case
4. Fix and verify with QT_QPA_PLATFORM=offscreen pytest

Enabling Verbose Qt Output

# Show all Qt debug/warning messages
QT_LOGGING_RULES="*.debug=true" python -m myapp

# Filter to specific categories
QT_LOGGING_RULES="qt.qpa.*=true;qt.widgets.*=true" python -m myapp

# C++
qputenv("QT_LOGGING_RULES", "*.debug=true");

# Python: install message handler to capture Qt output
from PySide6.QtCore import qInstallMessageHandler, QtMsgType

def qt_message_handler(mode: QtMsgType, context, message: str) -> None:
    if mode == QtMsgType.QtCriticalMsg or mode == QtMsgType.QtFatalMsg:
        import traceback
        traceback.print_stack()
    print(f"Qt [{mode.name}]: {message}")

qInstallMessageHandler(qt_message_handler)

Common Failure Categories

Widget Never Appears

• show() not called on top-level widget
• Parent widget not shown (child inherits visibility)
• setFixedSize(0, 0) or zero content margins collapsing it
• Widget created after app.exec() returns (after event loop exits)
• setVisible(False) still in effect

# Diagnostic
print(widget.isVisible(), widget.size(), widget.parentWidget())

Crash / Segfault on Widget Access

• Widget garbage-collected (Python deleted the QWidget before Qt finished with it)
• Common cause: widget stored only in a local variable, not self._widget
• Fix: always assign widgets to self attributes in __init__

# BAD — local variable, GC can collect it
def setup(self):
    btn = QPushButton("Click")   # may be deleted immediately

# GOOD
def setup(self):
    self._btn = QPushButton("Click")

"QObject: Cannot create children for a parent in a different thread"

• A QObject with a parent is being created in a non-main thread
• Fix: create the object parentless, then use moveToThread or deleteLater for cleanup

"QPixmap: Must construct a QGuiApplication before a QPaintDevice"

• QPixmap, QImage, or QIcon created before QApplication exists
• Fix: move all Qt object construction after app = QApplication(sys.argv)

"RuntimeError: Internal C++ object (QWidget) already deleted"

• Accessing a Python wrapper after Qt deleted the underlying C++ object
• Common with deleteLater() — the deletion happens asynchronously
• Fix: check sip.isdeleted(widget) (PyQt6) or use QPointer pattern

Event Loop Frozen / UI Unresponsive

• Blocking call on main thread (I/O, time.sleep, heavy computation)
• Fix: move to QRunnable/QThread (see qt-threading skill)

# Quick diagnostic: add to slow code path
from PySide6.QtCore import QCoreApplication
QCoreApplication.processEvents()  # temporarily unblocks — confirms event loop is stuck

Signal Connected But Never Fires

1. Verify the sender object is still alive
2. Add debug connection: signal.connect(lambda *a: print("FIRED", a))
3. Check signal type signature matches — Signal(int) will not fire if you emit Signal(str) equivalent
4. For C++: verify Q_OBJECT is present and moc ran after last change

Memory / Resource Leak Detection

# Track live QObject count
from PySide6.QtCore import QObject
# No built-in — use objgraph
import objgraph
objgraph.show_most_common_types(limit=20)
objgraph.show_growth()

Useful Diagnostic Patterns

# Dump full widget tree
def dump_widget_tree(widget, indent=0):
    print("  " * indent + repr(widget))
    for child in widget.children():
        if isinstance(child, QWidget):
            dump_widget_tree(child, indent + 1)

# Check if event loop is running
from PySide6.QtCore import QEventLoop
print(QCoreApplication.instance().loopLevel())  # > 0 if exec() is running

# Force sync paint (debugging paint issues)
widget.repaint()  # synchronous vs update() which defers

QSS / Style Debugging

# Print effective stylesheet for a widget
print(widget.styleSheet())

# Check if style rules are applying
# Add a unique background to isolate
widget.setStyleSheet("background: lime;")   # visible indicator

# Force re-evaluation after property change
widget.style().unpolish(widget)
widget.style().polish(widget)
widget.update()

C++ Specific

// Enable ASAN for memory errors
// cmake -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-fsanitize=address" ...

// Qt debug output
qDebug() << "Widget size:" << widget->size();
qWarning() << "Unexpected state:" << state;

// Print all object properties
qDebug() << widget->metaObject()->className();