num30-config（num30 配置）

This skill provides comprehensive knowledge of num30/config (github.com/num30/config), a declarative Go configuration library that reads config from YAML/JSON/TOML files, environment variables, and command-line flags in a single call.

Quick Reference

Install:

go get github.com/num30/config

Minimal usage:

import "github.com/num30/config"

type Config struct {
    Host string `default:"localhost" validate:"required"`
    Port int    `default:"8080"`
}

func main() {
    var cfg Config
    err := config.NewConfReader("myapp").Read(&cfg)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
}

Configuration Sources & Priority

Values are merged in this order (highest priority wins):

1. Command-line flags (--host=localhost)
2. Environment variables (HOST=localhost)
3. Config file (myapp.yaml)
4. Struct tag defaults (default:"localhost")

Struct Tags

ConfReader Builder API

config.NewConfReader("myapp")             // create reader (config name = file name + env prefix base)
    .WithSearchDirs("/etc/conf", "./")    // override config file search dirs (default: home + current dir)
    .WithPrefix("MYAPP")                 // prefix for env vars: MYAPP_DB_HOST
    .Read(&cfg)                          // read and populate struct (returns error)

Watch for live config changes:

reader := config.NewConfReader("myapp")
err := reader.Read(&cfg)

mutex := reader.Watch() // call AFTER Read(); panics if called before

// thread-safe access:
mutex.RLock()
val := cfg.SomeField
mutex.RUnlock()

Config File

• File name: <configName>.yaml (or .json, .toml, .hcl, .ini, .env, .properties)
• Search order: home directory, then current directory (override with WithSearchDirs)
• Field name mapping: camelCase → lower camelCase YAML key

# For struct field DB.DbName:
db:
  dbName: "mydb"

Environment Variables

• Default pattern: FIELD_PATH with dots replaced by _, uppercased

- App.Server.Port → APP_SERVER_PORT

• With prefix: NewConfReader("x").WithPrefix("MYAPP") → MYAPP_APP_SERVER_PORT
• Override with envvar tag: Password string \envvar:"DB_PASS"`→ reads fromDB_PASS`

Command-Line Flags

• Default pattern: lowercase dotted path with -- prefix

- App.Server.Port → --app.server.port=8080

• Boolean flags: pass flag alone (no value needed): --verbose
• Override with flag tag: Debug bool \flag:"debug"`→--debug`
• Slices: repeat the flag: --slice a --slice b
• Byte slices: base64-encoded: --bytes dGVzdA==

Complete Example

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
    "github.com/num30/config"
)

type Config struct {
    GlobalConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` // squash: fields promoted to top level
    Debug        bool
    DB           DatabaseConfig
    DefaultVal   string   `default:"default value"`
    Tags         []string `default:"[\"a\",\"b\"]"`
}

type GlobalConfig struct {
    Verbose bool `flag:"verbose" usage:"enable verbose logging"`
}

type DatabaseConfig struct {
    Host     string        `default:"localhost" validate:"required"`
    Password string        `validate:"required" envvar:"DB_PASS"`
    DbName   string        `default:"mydb"`
    Username string        `default:"root"`
    Port     int           `default:"5432"`
    Timeout  time.Duration `default:"30s"`
}

func main() {
    var cfg Config
    err := config.NewConfReader("myapp").
        WithSearchDirs("/etc/myapp", "./").
        WithPrefix("MYAPP").
        Read(&cfg)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Printf("%+v\n", cfg)
}

Squash Embedding

Use mapstructure:",squash" on an embedded struct to promote its fields to the parent level in config files and env vars:

type GlobalConfig struct { Verbose bool }

type AppConfig struct {
    GlobalConfig `mapstructure:",squash"` // access as `verbose`, not `globalConfig.verbose`
    Name string
}

Config file: verbose: true (not globalConfig.verbose: true) Env var: VERBOSE=true (not GLOBAL_CONFIG_VERBOSE=true)

Supported Go Types

All primitive types are supported as config fields: bool, int/int8/int16/int32/int64, uint/uint8/uint16/uint32/uint64, float32/float64, string, []string, []byte (base64 in flags/env), time.Duration

Validation

Uses go-playground/validator tags on struct fields:

type Config struct {
    Host  string `validate:"required"`
    Port  int    `validate:"min=1,max=65535"`
    Email string `validate:"required,email"`
}

Read() returns a validation error if constraints are violated. See validator docs for full tag list.

Built-in Config Structs (lib package)

import "github.com/num30/config/lib"

type Config struct {
    DB lib.PostgresqlDb // provides Host, Password, DbName, Username, Port, SslEnabled with sane defaults
}

// Get connection string:
connStr := cfg.DB.GetConnString()
// → "host=localhost user=postgres password=pass database= port=5432 sslmode=disable"

lib.PostgresqlDb defaults: Host:"localhost", Password:"pass", Username:"postgres", Port:5432, SslEnabled:false

Slices

type Config struct {
    Slice []string
}

Error Handling

Read() returns errors for:

• Nil or non-pointer config struct
• Config file parse failures ("failed to unmarshal struct")
• Default value failures ("failed to set default values")
• Validation failures ("validation error: Key: '...' Error:...")

Watch() panics if called before Read().

Additional References

• references/api.md — Full API reference
• references/examples.md — Real-world usage examples