n8n-workflow（n8n 工作流程）

N8N Workflow Deployment

Deploy workflows to N8N using the REST API.

Environment Variables

N8N_HOST="https://your-n8n-instance.com"  # Or http://localhost:5678
N8N_API_KEY="your-api-key"                 # From N8N Settings > API

Quick Deploy

import os
import json
from urllib.request import Request, urlopen
from urllib.error import HTTPError

def deploy_n8n_workflow(workflow: dict, activate: bool = False) -> dict:
    """
    Deploy a workflow to N8N.

    Args:
        workflow: Complete workflow JSON with nodes, connections, settings
        activate: Whether to activate the workflow after creation

    Returns:
        dict with id, name, and URL of created workflow
    """
    host = os.environ.get('N8N_HOST', 'http://localhost:5678')
    api_key = os.environ.get('N8N_API_KEY')

    if not api_key:
        raise ValueError("N8N_API_KEY environment variable not set")

    # Ensure workflow has required fields
    if 'name' not in workflow:
        workflow['name'] = 'Untitled Workflow'
    if 'nodes' not in workflow:
        workflow['nodes'] = []
    if 'connections' not in workflow:
        workflow['connections'] = {}
    if 'settings' not in workflow:
        workflow['settings'] = {}

    # Remove 'active' field if present - it's read-only on creation
    workflow.pop('active', None)

    url = f"{host.rstrip('/')}/api/v1/workflows"

    request = Request(
        url,
        data=json.dumps(workflow).encode('utf-8'),
        headers={
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            'X-N8N-API-KEY': api_key
        },
        method='POST'
    )

    with urlopen(request, timeout=30) as response:
        result = json.loads(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

    workflow_id = result.get('id')
    workflow_url = f"{host}/workflow/{workflow_id}"

    print(f"✅ Workflow deployed to N8N!")
    print(f"   ID: {workflow_id}")
    print(f"   Name: {result.get('name')}")
    print(f"   URL: {workflow_url}")

    # Activate if requested (requires separate PATCH call)
    is_active = False
    if activate:
        is_active = set_workflow_active(workflow_id, True).get('active', False)
        print(f"   Active: {is_active}")
    else:
        print(f"   Active: False (not activated)")

    return {
        'id': workflow_id,
        'name': result.get('name'),
        'active': is_active,
        'url': workflow_url
    }

Activate/Deactivate Workflow

def set_workflow_active(workflow_id: str, active: bool = True) -> dict:
    """Activate or deactivate an existing workflow."""
    host = os.environ.get('N8N_HOST', 'http://localhost:5678')
    api_key = os.environ.get('N8N_API_KEY')

    url = f"{host.rstrip('/')}/api/v1/workflows/{workflow_id}"

    request = Request(
        url,
        data=json.dumps({'active': active}).encode('utf-8'),
        headers={
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            'X-N8N-API-KEY': api_key
        },
        method='PATCH'
    )

    with urlopen(request, timeout=30) as response:
        result = json.loads(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

    status = "activated" if active else "deactivated"
    print(f"✅ Workflow {workflow_id} {status}")
    return result

List Workflows

def list_n8n_workflows(active_only: bool = False) -> list:
    """List all workflows in N8N instance."""
    host = os.environ.get('N8N_HOST', 'http://localhost:5678')
    api_key = os.environ.get('N8N_API_KEY')

    url = f"{host.rstrip('/')}/api/v1/workflows"
    if active_only:
        url += "?active=true"

    request = Request(
        url,
        headers={
            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            'X-N8N-API-KEY': api_key
        }
    )

    with urlopen(request, timeout=30) as response:
        result = json.loads(response.read().decode('utf-8'))

    workflows = result.get('data', [])
    print(f"Found {len(workflows)} workflows")
    for wf in workflows:
        status = "🟢" if wf.get('active') else "⚪"
        print(f"  {status} [{wf['id']}] {wf['name']}")

    return workflows

Example: Anomaly Detection Workflow

# Build an anomaly detection workflow
anomaly_workflow = {
    "name": "Daily Anomaly Detection",
    "nodes": [
        {
            "id": "schedule",
            "name": "Daily 9am",
            "type": "n8n-nodes-base.scheduleTrigger",
            "typeVersion": 1,
            "position": [250, 300],
            "parameters": {
                "rule": {
                    "interval": [{"field": "hours", "hoursInterval": 24}]
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "bigquery",
            "name": "Query Metrics",
            "type": "n8n-nodes-base.googleBigQuery",
            "typeVersion": 2,
            "position": [450, 300],
            "parameters": {
                "operation": "executeQuery",
                "projectId": "={{ $env.BIGQUERY_PROJECT_ID }}",
                "sqlQuery": "SELECT date, registration_starts, paid_conversions FROM metrics WHERE date >= DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE(), INTERVAL 30 DAY)"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "code",
            "name": "Detect Anomalies",
            "type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
            "typeVersion": 2,
            "position": [650, 300],
            "parameters": {
                "jsCode": '''
const data = $input.all();
const values = data.map(d => d.json.registration_starts);
const mean = values.reduce((a,b) => a+b, 0) / values.length;
const std = Math.sqrt(values.map(x => Math.pow(x - mean, 2)).reduce((a,b) => a+b, 0) / values.length);

const anomalies = data.filter(d => {
  const zscore = Math.abs((d.json.registration_starts - mean) / std);
  return zscore > 2;
});

return anomalies.length > 0 ? anomalies : [];
'''
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "if",
            "name": "Has Anomaly?",
            "type": "n8n-nodes-base.if",
            "typeVersion": 1,
            "position": [850, 300],
            "parameters": {
                "conditions": {
                    "number": [{
                        "value1": "={{ $json.length }}",
                        "operation": "larger",
                        "value2": 0
                    }]
                }
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "slack",
            "name": "Send Alert",
            "type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
            "typeVersion": 2,
            "position": [1050, 250],
            "parameters": {
                "channel": "#alerts",
                "text": "🔴 Anomaly detected in registration_starts"
            }
        }
    ],
    "connections": {
        "Daily 9am": {"main": [[{"node": "Query Metrics", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]},
        "Query Metrics": {"main": [[{"node": "Detect Anomalies", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]},
        "Detect Anomalies": {"main": [[{"node": "Has Anomaly?", "type": "main", "index": 0}]]},
        "Has Anomaly?": {"main": [[{"node": "Send Alert", "type": "main", "index": 0}], []]}
    },
    "settings": {
        "executionOrder": "v1"
    }
}

# Deploy it
result = deploy_n8n_workflow(anomaly_workflow, activate=False)
print(f"Workflow ready at: {result['url']}")

cURL Examples

Create Workflow

curl -X POST "$N8N_HOST/api/v1/workflows" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: $N8N_API_KEY" \
  -d @workflow.json

List Workflows

curl -X GET "$N8N_HOST/api/v1/workflows" \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: $N8N_API_KEY"

Activate Workflow

curl -X PATCH "$N8N_HOST/api/v1/workflows/WORKFLOW_ID" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -H "X-N8N-API-KEY: $N8N_API_KEY" \
  -d '{"active": true}'

Error Handling

from urllib.error import HTTPError

try:
    result = deploy_n8n_workflow(workflow)
except HTTPError as e:
    error_body = e.read().decode('utf-8')
    print(f"N8N API error: {e.code}")
    print(f"  {error_body}")
except ValueError as e:
    print(f"Configuration error: {e}")

Getting Your N8N API Key

1. Open your N8N instance
2. Go to Settings (gear icon)
3. Click API in the left menu
4. Click Create API Key
5. Copy the key and set it as N8N_API_KEY