data-and-funnel-analytics（数据和漏斗分析）

Data & Funnel Analytics

End-to-end analytics: set up tracking, interpret data, analyze funnels, measure product engagement, validate conversion paths, and calculate ROI.

Principle: Track for decisions, not data — every event should inform an action.

Analytics Tracking

Event Naming Convention

Format: object_action in lowercase snake_case.

signup_completed | cta_hero_clicked | checkout_started | onboarding_step_completed

Rules: Specific over vague (cta_hero_clicked not button_clicked), past tense for completed actions, context in properties not event name.

Tracking Plan

Standard Properties

• User context: user_id, user_type (free/paid/admin), plan_type
• Attribution: source, medium, campaign, content, term (UTM params)
• Page: page_title, page_location, content_group
• PII hygiene: Never send email, name, or phone as event properties. Use hashed user IDs only.

GA4 Implementation

// gtag.js custom event
gtag('event', 'signup_completed', {
  'method': 'email',
  'plan': 'free',
  'user_id': userId
});

// GTM dataLayer
dataLayer.push({
  'event': 'signup_completed',
  'method': 'email',
  'plan': 'free'
});

Enhanced Measurement (enable in GA4): page_view, scroll, outbound_click, site_search, video_engagement, file_download.

Conversions: Admin → Events → Toggle "Mark as conversion." Counting: once per session (form submit) or every time (purchase).

UTM Parameters

Convention: utm_source={channel}&utm_medium={cpc|email|organic|social}&utm_campaign={id}&utm_content={variant}&utm_term={keyword}

• Apply to ALL paid and email links
• Never use on internal links (breaks session attribution)
• Lowercase, hyphens not spaces
• Document in a UTM tracking sheet

Privacy & Compliance

• GDPR/CCPA: Implement consent management, block GA4 until consent granted
• GA4 data retention: 14 months max (Admin → Data Settings)
• IP anonymization enabled

Analytics Interpretation

GA4 Benchmarks

Google Search Console Benchmarks

Traffic Quality Matrix

                    High Engagement
                          │
           ┌──────────────┼──────────────┐
           │  HIDDEN GEM  │   STAR       │
           │  Low traffic  │   High traffic│
           │  → Promote   │   → Maintain  │
Low ───────┼──────────────┼──────────────┼─── High
Traffic    │  UNDERPERFORM│   LEAKY      │   Traffic
           │  Low traffic  │   High traffic│
           │  → Rework    │   → Optimize  │
           └──────────────┼──────────────┘
                          │
                    Low Engagement

Anomaly Detection

Product Analytics

North Star Metric

The ONE metric that represents customer value:

Criteria: Represents customer value, correlates with revenue, measurable frequently, rallies the team.

Key Metrics by Stage

Retention Benchmarks

Good = flattening curve. Bad = steep drop-off.

Dashboard Design

• Executive: North Star Metric (big number), revenue (MRR/ARR), key trends
• Product: Active users, feature usage, retention cohorts, funnels
• Marketing: Traffic sources, conversion rates, CPA, ROI by channel

Funnel Analysis

Core Workflow

1. Load and merge user journey data
2. Define funnel steps and calculate step-by-step conversion rates
3. Segment by user attributes (device, cohort, plan)
4. Visualize bottlenecks
5. Generate optimization recommendations

Common Funnel Types

Analysis Patterns

• Bottleneck identification — Steps with highest drop-off rates
• Segment comparison — Conversion across user groups
• Temporal analysis — Conversion over time
• A/B testing — Compare funnel variations

See examples/ for Python implementations with Plotly visualizations.

Funnel Validation (DotCom Secrets)

Score existing funnels against Russell Brunson's framework: Hook → Story → Offer.

Scoring Dimensions

Rating Scale

Traffic Temperature

For complete scoring criteria and examples, see references/full-guide.md.

ROI Analysis

Core Metrics

ROI: (Net Profit / Total Investment) × 100%

• ✅ INVEST: ROI > 100% (realistic case)
• ⚠️ REVIEW: ROI 50–100%
• ❌ REJECT: ROI < 50%

Break-Even: Investment / Monthly Net Profit

• ✅ INVEST: Break-even < 50% of realistic target
• ❌ REJECT: Break-even > 70%

Payback Period: Investment / Monthly Net Profit

• ✅ INVEST: < 12 months
• ⚠️ REVIEW: 12–24 months
• ❌ REJECT: > 24 months

3-Scenario Analysis

Always model Best / Realistic / Worst:

Decision rule: If worst-case ROI ≥ 0%, investment is low-risk.

Executive Summary Template

[Investment] achieves [ROI%] ROI at [conversion/growth rate].
Break-even occurs at [threshold], with payback in [months].
Investment is [recommended/not recommended] because [reason].

For detailed formulas (NPV, LTV, CAC, sensitivity analysis), see references/roi-reference.md.

Validation & QA

Before Launch

• Events fire in GA4 DebugView
• Properties have expected values
• No duplicate events
• Conversions marked correctly
• UTM parameters captured on landing

Ongoing

• Weekly: Check for sudden drops in key events (>20% change = investigate)
• Monthly: Audit for new pages/features without tracking
• Quarterly: Full tracking plan review — remove stale events, add missing ones

Tools

Related Skills

• ab-test-setup — A/B test measurement and setup
• seo-and-aeo-strategy — Measuring SEO/AEO performance
• conversion-rate-optimization — Optimizing conversion after funnel analysis
• executive-dashboard-generator — Building dashboards from analytics data