justfile-skill（公正归档技能）

Just Command Runner Skill

just is a command runner (not a build system) that saves and runs project-specific commands in a file called justfile. It uses make-inspired syntax but is simpler, more portable, and avoids make's idiosyncrasies like .PHONY, tab sensitivity issues, and implicit rules.

When to Use Just vs Make

Core Concepts

Recipe = Target

Recipes are the core unit. Each recipe is a named set of commands:

recipe-name:
    command1
    command2

• Indentation MUST be consistent (spaces or tabs, but pick one — set ignore-comments helps)
• Each line runs in a separate shell by default (use set shell or shebang recipes for multi-line scripts)
• No .PHONY needed — just doesn't track file timestamps

Variables

# Assignment
version := "1.0.0"

# Backtick evaluation (runs command, captures stdout)
git_hash := `git rev-parse --short HEAD`

# Environment variable access
home := env('HOME')

# Export to recipe commands
export DATABASE_URL := "postgres://localhost/mydb"

Settings Block

Place settings at the top of the justfile:

set dotenv-load           # Load .env file
set positional-arguments  # Pass recipe args as $1, $2, etc.
set shell := ["bash", "-euco", "pipefail"]  # Fail-fast shell
set export                # Export all variables as env vars
set quiet                 # Suppress command echoing (like @ in make)

Recipe Arguments

# Required argument
deploy target:
    echo "Deploying to {{target}}"

# Default value
greet name="World":
    echo "Hello {{name}}"

# Variadic (one or more)
test +targets:
    go test {{targets}}

# Variadic (zero or more)
lint *flags:
    eslint {{flags}} src/

Dependencies

# Run 'build' before 'test'
test: build
    cargo test

# Pass arguments to dependencies
push: (deploy "production")

# Multiple dependencies
all: clean build test lint

Conditional Logic

# Ternary-style conditional
rust_target := if os() == "macos" { "aarch64-apple-darwin" } else { "x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu" }

# In recipes
check:
    if [ -f .env ]; then echo "Found .env"; fi

Platform-Specific Recipes

[linux]
install:
    sudo apt install ripgrep

[macos]
install:
    brew install ripgrep

[windows]
install:
    choco install ripgrep

Recipe Attributes

[private]           # Hidden from --list
[no-cd]             # Don't cd to justfile directory
[confirm]           # Ask confirmation before running
[confirm("Deploy to production?")]
[no-exit-message]   # Suppress error message on failure
[group("deploy")]   # Group in --list output
[doc("Run the full test suite")]  # Custom doc string

Shebang Recipes (Multi-line Scripts)

When a recipe needs to run as a single script rather than line-by-line:

process-data:
    #!/usr/bin/env python3
    import json
    with open("data.json") as f:
        data = json.load(f)
    print(f"Found {len(data)} records")

Self-Documenting Help

# The default recipe — runs when you type `just` with no args
[private]
default:
    @just --list --unsorted

Comments above recipes become descriptions in just --list:

# Initialize Terraform with backend config
init:
    terraform init

Imports and Modules

# Import another justfile
import 'ci.just'

# Module (namespaced)
mod deploy 'deploy.just'
# Usage: just deploy::production

References

• references/justfile-patterns.md — Common justfile patterns by project type
• references/make-migration.md — Makefile-to-justfile migration guide

Useful Functions

Installation

# macOS
brew install just

# Cargo
cargo install just

# Pre-built binaries
curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://just.systems/install.sh | bash -s -- --to /usr/local/bin

# Shell completions
just --completions zsh > ~/.zsh/completions/_just
just --completions bash > /etc/bash_completion.d/just