HTML Accessibility Skill
Purpose
Ensure websites meet WCAG 2.1 Level AA accessibility standards for inclusive user experience.
Core Principles (POUR)
Perceivable
- Text alternatives for images
- Captions for audio/video
- Sufficient color contrast
- Text resizable without loss
Operable
- Keyboard accessible
- Enough time to interact
- No seizure-inducing content
- Easy navigation
Understandable
- Readable text
- Predictable behavior
- Input assistance
- Error prevention
Robust
- Compatible with assistive tech
- Valid HTML
- Proper ARIA usage
Best Practices
Semantic HTML
<!-- ✅ Good: Semantic -->
<header>
<nav aria-label="Main navigation">
<ul>
<li><a href="/">Home</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<!-- ❌ Bad: Non-semantic -->
<div class="header">
<div class="nav">...</div>
</div>Alt Text
<!-- ✅ Good: Descriptive alt -->
<img src="chart.png" alt="Bar chart showing 60% increase in usage">
<!-- ❌ Bad: Missing or useless alt -->
<img src="chart.png" alt="chart">Color Contrast
/* ✅ Good: WCAG AA compliant */
.text {
color: #333; /* Contrast ratio: 12.6:1 */
background: #fff;
}
/* ❌ Bad: Insufficient contrast */
.text {
color: #777; /* Contrast ratio: 4.4:1 - fails for small text */
background: #fff;
}Keyboard Navigation
/* ✅ Good: Visible focus */
a:focus, button:focus {
outline: 2px solid #007bff;
outline-offset: 2px;
}
/* ❌ Bad: Removed focus */
*:focus {
outline: none; /* NEVER DO THIS */
}Testing
- Keyboard-only navigation
- Screen reader testing
- Color contrast checking
- HTML validation
- Automated tools (axe, WAVE)