input-validation（输入验证）

Input Validation Skill

Purpose

Ensure all user-supplied and external data is properly validated before processing and all output is properly encoded, preventing injection attacks (XSS, SQLi, command injection, path traversal) across all Hack23 projects.

Rules

Input Validation

MUST:

• Validate ALL input at the point of entry (server-side validation is mandatory)
• Use allowlist validation (define what IS allowed, not what ISN'T)
• Validate data type, length, format, and range
• Reject invalid input with clear error messages (without exposing system details)
• Sanitize file names and paths to prevent path traversal
• Validate content type for file uploads
• Apply consistent validation across all API endpoints

MUST NOT:

• Rely solely on client-side validation
• Trust data from external sources without validation
• Use blocklist validation as the primary defense
• Echo raw user input back to the browser
• Expose stack traces or system information in error messages
• Accept arbitrary file paths from user input

Output Encoding

MUST:

• Encode output before rendering in HTML context (HTML entity encoding)
• Use parameterized queries for all database operations
• Use framework-provided template engines with auto-escaping enabled
• Encode data appropriately for the output context (HTML, URL, JavaScript, CSS)
• Set Content-Type headers correctly on all responses

MUST NOT:

• Build SQL queries with string concatenation
• Use innerHTML with unsanitized user input
• Disable auto-escaping in template engines
• Pass user input directly to shell commands

Content Security Policy

MUST:

• Set strict Content-Security-Policy headers
• Avoid unsafe-inline and unsafe-eval in CSP directives where possible
• Use nonce-based CSP for inline scripts when absolutely needed

For Static HTML Sites (homepage)

MUST:

• Escape all dynamic content in meta tags
• Validate and sanitize URLs in href/src attributes
• Use rel="noopener noreferrer" for external links
• Ensure all forms use proper action URLs and method attributes

Hack23 ISMS Policy References

• Secure Development Policy
• Information Security Policy

Compliance Mapping

• ISO 27001:2022: A.8.26 (Application Security Requirements)
• NIST CSF 2.0: PR.DS (Data Security)
• CIS Controls v8.1: Control 16 (Application Software Security)
• OWASP Top 10: A03:2021 (Injection), A07:2021 (XSS)