go-expert（成为专家）

Go Expert — Gotchas & Decisions

Use Context7 for Go framework docs.

Key Decisions

decisions[4]{choice,use_when}:
  Gin vs Echo vs Fiber,"Gin: most popular/stable. Echo: cleaner API. Fiber: highest perf (Express-like)"
  Interface location,"Define in CONSUMER package not provider. Accept interfaces return structs"
  Channel vs Mutex,"Channel for communication between goroutines. Mutex for protecting shared memory"
  Table-driven vs subtests,"Table-driven for input variations. Subtests (t.Run) for distinct scenarios"

Gotchas

• err!= nil check EVERY error return — never ignore with _
• %w for wrapping errors (unwrappable), %v for formatting only (not unwrappable)
• Goroutine leak: always ensure goroutines can exit (context cancellation, done channels)
• defer evaluates args immediately but executes LIFO — defer f.Close() captures current f
• Range loop variable reuse (pre-Go 1.22): for _, v:= range items {go func() {use(v)}()} captures same v. Fixed in Go 1.22+
• nil slice vs empty slice: var s []int (nil, marshals to null) vs s:= []int{} (empty, marshals to [])
• context.Background() for top-level, context.TODO() as placeholder. Always pass context as first param
• Race conditions: use -race flag in tests. go test -race./...
• sync.WaitGroup: Add() before goroutine launch, not inside it