feature-prioritization（功能优先级）

Prioritization Framework Application

Systematic frameworks for making objective prioritization decisions that balance value, effort, and strategic alignment.

When to Activate

• Prioritizing feature backlogs
• Evaluating competing initiatives
• Making build vs defer decisions
• Creating product roadmaps
• Allocating limited resources
• Justifying prioritization decisions to stakeholders

RICE Framework

Quantitative scoring for comparing initiatives objectively.

Formula

RICE Score = (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort

Components

Impact Scale

Confidence Scale

Example Calculation

Feature: One-click reorder

Reach: 5,000 (customers who reorder monthly)
Impact: 2 (High - saves significant time)
Confidence: 80% (Based on support ticket analysis)
Effort: 1 person-month

RICE = (5000 × 2 × 0.8) / 1 = 8000

Feature: Dark mode

Reach: 20,000 (all active users)
Impact: 0.5 (Low - preference, not productivity)
Confidence: 50% (No data, user requests only)
Effort: 2 person-months

RICE = (20000 × 0.5 × 0.5) / 2 = 2500

Decision: One-click reorder scores higher, prioritize first

RICE Template

Value vs Effort Matrix

Visual framework for quick categorization.

The Matrix

              High Value
                   │
    ┌──────────────┼──────────────┐
    │              │              │
    │  QUICK WINS  │  STRATEGIC   │
    │  Do First    │  Plan & Do   │
    │              │              │
    ├──────────────┼──────────────┤ High
Low │              │              │ Effort
Effort             │              │
    │  FILL-INS    │  TIME SINKS  │
    │  If Spare    │  Avoid       │
    │  Capacity    │              │
    │              │              │
    └──────────────┼──────────────┘
                   │
              Low Value

Quadrant Actions

Estimation Guidance

Value Assessment:

• Revenue impact
• Cost reduction
• User satisfaction improvement
• Strategic alignment
• Risk reduction

Effort Assessment:

• Development time
• Design complexity
• Testing requirements
• Deployment complexity
• Ongoing maintenance

Kano Model

Categorize features by their impact on satisfaction.

Categories

Satisfaction
     ▲
     │         ╱ Delighters
     │       ╱   (Unexpected features)
     │     ╱
─────┼────●──────────────────────────► Feature
     │    │╲                           Implementation
     │    │  ╲ Performance
     │    │    (More is better)
     │    │
     │    └── Must-Haves
     │         (Expected, dissatisfaction if missing)
     ▼

Category Definitions

Kano Survey Questions

For each feature, ask two questions:

Functional: "If [feature] were present, how would you feel?"
Dysfunctional: "If [feature] were absent, how would you feel?"

Answer Options:
1. I like it
2. I expect it
3. I'm neutral
4. I can tolerate it
5. I dislike it

Interpretation Matrix

Key: M=Must-Have, O=One-dimensional, A=Attractive, I=Indifferent, R=Reverse, Q=Questionable

MoSCoW Method

Simple categorization for scope definition.

Categories

Application Rules

Budget Allocation (Recommended):
- Must: 60% of capacity
- Should: 20% of capacity
- Could: 20% of capacity (buffer)
- Won't: 0% (explicitly excluded)

Why the buffer matters:
- Must items often take longer than estimated
- Should items may become Must if requirements change
- Could items fill capacity at sprint end

Example

Feature: User Registration

MUST:
✓ Email/password signup
✓ Email verification
✓ Password requirements enforcement

SHOULD:
○ Social login (Google)
○ Remember me functionality
○ Password strength indicator

COULD:
◐ Social login (Facebook, Apple)
◐ Profile picture upload
◐ Username suggestions

WON'T (this release):
✗ Two-factor authentication
✗ SSO integration
✗ Biometric login

Cost of Delay

Prioritize by economic impact of waiting.

CD3 Formula

CD3 = Cost of Delay / Duration

Cost of Delay: Weekly value lost by not having the feature
Duration: Weeks to implement

Delay Cost Types

Urgency Profiles

                Value
                  │
Standard:         │────────────────
                  │
                  └──────────────────► Time

Urgent:           │╲
                  │  ╲
                  │    ╲──────────
                  │
                  └──────────────────► Time

Deadline:         │
                  │────────┐
                  │        │
                  │        └─ (drops to zero)
                  └──────────────────► Time

Example

Feature A: New payment method
- Cost of Delay: $10,000/week (lost sales to competitor)
- Duration: 4 weeks
- CD3 = 10000 / 4 = 2500

Feature B: Admin dashboard redesign
- Cost of Delay: $2,000/week (support inefficiency)
- Duration: 2 weeks
- CD3 = 2000 / 2 = 1000

Feature C: Compliance update (deadline in 6 weeks)
- Cost of Delay: $50,000/week after deadline (fines)
- Duration: 4 weeks
- CD3 = 50000 / 4 = 12500 (if started now, 0 if after deadline)

Priority: C (deadline), then A (highest CD3), then B

Weighted Scoring

Custom scoring for organization-specific criteria.

Building a Weighted Model

Step 1: Define Criteria
- Strategic alignment
- Revenue potential
- User demand
- Technical feasibility
- Competitive advantage

Step 2: Assign Weights (total = 100%)
| Criterion | Weight |
|-----------|--------|
| Strategic | 30% |
| Revenue | 25% |
| User demand | 20% |
| Feasibility | 15% |
| Competitive | 10% |

Step 3: Score Each Feature (1-5 scale)
| Feature | Strategic | Revenue | Demand | Feasible | Competitive | Total |
|---------|-----------|---------|--------|----------|-------------|-------|
| A | 5 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 2 | 3.95 |
| B | 3 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3.90 |
| C | 4 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 3.85 |

Calculation

Score = Σ (criterion_score × criterion_weight)

Feature A:
= (5 × 0.30) + (4 × 0.25) + (3 × 0.20) + (4 × 0.15) + (2 × 0.10)
= 1.5 + 1.0 + 0.6 + 0.6 + 0.2
= 3.9

Decision Documentation

Priority Decision Record

# Priority Decision: [Feature/Initiative]

## Date: [YYYY-MM-DD]
## Decision: [Prioritize / Defer / Reject]

## Context
[What prompted this decision?]

## Evaluation

### Framework Used: [RICE / Kano / MoSCoW / Weighted]

### Scores
[Show calculations or categorization]

### Trade-offs Considered
- Option A: [description] - [pros/cons]
- Option B: [description] - [pros/cons]

## Decision Rationale
[Why this priority over alternatives?]

## Stakeholders
- Agreed: [names]
- Disagreed: [names, reasons documented]

## Review Date
[When to revisit if deferred]

Framework Selection Guide

Anti-Patterns

Best Practices

1. Use multiple frameworks - Validate with different approaches
2. Document decisions - Enable future learning
3. Revisit regularly - Priorities change as context evolves
4. Include stakeholders - Ensure buy-in
5. Measure outcomes - Validate prioritization quality

References

• RICE Scoring Template - Spreadsheet template
• Prioritization Workshop Guide - Facilitation guide