electron-architect（Electron 架构师）

Electron Architecture Expert

Expert assistant for Electron desktop application architecture, Main/Renderer process design, IPC communication, security best practices, and application packaging.

Thinking Process

When activated, follow this structured thinking approach to design Electron applications:

Step 1: Application Requirements Analysis

Goal: Understand what the desktop application needs to accomplish.

Key Questions to Ask:

• What is the core functionality? (editor, dashboard, utility, media)
• What system resources are needed? (file system, network, hardware)
• What is the target platform? (macOS, Windows, Linux, or all)
• Are there offline requirements?
• What is the expected data sensitivity? (local files, credentials, user data)

Actions:

1. List all features requiring system access (files, network, native APIs)
2. Identify user interaction patterns (single window, multi-window, tray app)
3. Determine data persistence needs (local storage, SQLite, file system)
4. Map integration points (external APIs, local services, hardware)

Decision Point: You should be able to articulate:

• "This app needs access to [X] system resources"
• "The main user flows are [Y]"
• "Security sensitivity level is [Z]"

Step 2: Architecture Design (Security First)

Goal: Design a secure Main/Renderer architecture.

Thinking Framework - Security Principles:

1. Least Privilege: Renderer should have minimal capabilities
2. Defense in Depth: Multiple layers of protection
3. Explicit Communication: All IPC channels are explicit and validated

Architecture Decision Matrix:

Decision Point: For each feature, answer:

• "Does this need Main process access?"
• "What is the minimal IPC surface needed?"

Step 3: IPC Design

Goal: Design safe, type-safe IPC communication.

Thinking Framework:

• "What data flows between Main and Renderer?"
• "Who initiates the communication?"
• "What validation is needed on each end?"

IPC Pattern Selection:

IPC Security Checklist:

• All channels have explicit names
• Input validation on Main process handlers
• No arbitrary code execution from renderer input
• Sensitive operations require user confirmation
• Rate limiting for expensive operations

Type Safety Pattern:

// Define channel types in shared/
interface IpcChannels {
  'file:open': { args: void; return: string | null };
  'file:save': { args: { path: string; content: string }; return: boolean };
}

Step 4: Preload Script Design

Goal: Create a minimal, secure bridge between worlds.

Thinking Framework:

• "What is the absolute minimum the renderer needs?"
• "Am I exposing more than necessary?"
• "Is each exposed function validated?"

Preload Design Principles:

1. Minimal Surface: Only expose what's absolutely needed
2. No Raw IPC: Wrap ipcRenderer, don't expose directly
3. Type Definitions: Provide TypeScript types for renderer
4. One-Way Binding: Prefer invoke over send/on pairs

Anti-Patterns to Avoid:

// BAD: Exposes raw ipcRenderer
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electron', { ipcRenderer });

// BAD: Arbitrary channel execution
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('api', {
  send: (channel, data) => ipcRenderer.send(channel, data)
});

// GOOD: Explicit, limited API
contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('api', {
  openFile: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('dialog:openFile'),
  saveFile: (content: string) => ipcRenderer.invoke('file:save', content)
});

Step 5: Window Management Strategy

Goal: Design appropriate window management for the application.

Thinking Framework:

• "How many windows does this app need?"
• "How do windows communicate?"
• "What happens when windows are closed?"

Window Patterns:

Window Configuration Checklist:

• Appropriate webPreferences for each window type
• Window state persistence (position, size)
• Proper close/quit behavior (hide vs destroy)
• Deep linking / protocol handling

Step 6: Data Persistence Strategy

Goal: Design secure, reliable data storage.

Thinking Framework:

• "What data needs to persist?"
• "How sensitive is this data?"
• "Does data need to sync across devices?"

Storage Options:

Data Security Checklist:

• Sensitive data encrypted at rest
• Credentials in system keychain, not files
• Backup/export functionality
• Data migration strategy for updates

Step 7: Packaging and Distribution

Goal: Configure reliable cross-platform distribution.

Thinking Framework:

• "Which platforms are targets?"
• "How will updates be delivered?"
• "What signing/notarization is needed?"

Platform Checklist:

Auto-Update Strategy:

• electron-updater configuration
• Update server (GitHub releases, S3, etc.)
• Staged rollouts for critical updates
• Rollback capability

Step 8: Testing Strategy

Goal: Ensure the application is reliable across platforms.

Testing Layers:

• Unit Tests: Business logic in Main process
• Integration Tests: IPC communication
• E2E Tests: Spectron/Playwright for UI flows
• Platform Tests: CI matrix for all target platforms

Testing Checklist:

• Test IPC handlers in isolation
• Test preload script type contracts
• E2E tests for critical user flows
• Platform-specific behavior tests

Usage

Scaffold New Project

bash /mnt/skills/user/electron-architect/scripts/scaffold-project.sh [project-name] [ui-framework] [package-manager]

Arguments:

• project-name - Name of the project (default: my-electron-app)
• ui-framework - UI framework: vanilla, react, svelte, vue (default: vanilla)
• package-manager - Package manager: pnpm, npm, yarn (default: pnpm)

Examples:

bash /mnt/skills/user/electron-architect/scripts/scaffold-project.sh my-app
bash /mnt/skills/user/electron-architect/scripts/scaffold-project.sh my-app react
bash /mnt/skills/user/electron-architect/scripts/scaffold-project.sh my-app svelte pnpm

Security defaults:

• nodeIntegration: false
• contextIsolation: true
• sandbox: true

Documentation Resources

Official Documentation:

• Electron: https://www.electronjs.org/docs/latest/
• Electron Forge: https://www.electronforge.io/
• electron-builder: https://www.electron.build/

Project Structure

src/
├── main/
│   ├── main.ts              # Main process entry
│   ├── ipc/                  # IPC handlers
│   │   └── file-handlers.ts
│   ├── services/             # Backend services
│   │   └── database.ts
│   └── menu.ts               # Application menu
├── preload/
│   └── preload.ts            # Context bridge
├── renderer/                 # UI (React/Svelte/Vue)
│   ├── App.tsx
│   └── components/
└── shared/
    └── types.ts              # Shared type definitions

Security Configuration

BrowserWindow Settings

// main.ts - Secure configuration
const mainWindow = new BrowserWindow({
  width: 1200,
  height: 800,
  webPreferences: {
    nodeIntegration: false,      // Disable Node.js
    contextIsolation: true,      // Enable context isolation
    sandbox: true,               // Sandbox mode
    preload: path.join(__dirname, 'preload.js'),
    webSecurity: true,           // Enforce same-origin
  }
});

Preload Script Pattern

// preload.ts - Safe API exposure
import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } from 'electron';

contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
  // One-way: Renderer → Main
  saveFile: (content: string) =>
    ipcRenderer.invoke('file:save', content),

  // One-way: Main → Renderer
  onUpdateAvailable: (callback: (version: string) => void) =>
    ipcRenderer.on('update-available', (_, version) => callback(version)),

  // Request-response pattern
  openFile: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('dialog:openFile'),
});

// Type declaration for renderer
declare global {
  interface Window {
    electronAPI: {
      saveFile: (content: string) => Promise<boolean>;
      onUpdateAvailable: (callback: (version: string) => void) => void;
      openFile: () => Promise<string | null>;
    }
  }
}

Main Process Handlers

// main/ipc/file-handlers.ts
import { ipcMain, dialog } from 'electron';
import { readFile, writeFile } from 'fs/promises';

export function registerFileHandlers() {
  ipcMain.handle('dialog:openFile', async () => {
    const { canceled, filePaths } = await dialog.showOpenDialog({
      properties: ['openFile'],
      filters: [{ name: 'Text', extensions: ['txt', 'md'] }]
    });
    if (canceled) return null;
    return readFile(filePaths[0], 'utf-8');
  });

  ipcMain.handle('file:save', async (_, content: string) => {
    const { canceled, filePath } = await dialog.showSaveDialog({});
    if (canceled || !filePath) return false;
    await writeFile(filePath, content);
    return true;
  });
}

IPC Communication Patterns

Pattern 1: Invoke (Request-Response)

// Renderer
const data = await window.electronAPI.fetchData(id);

// Main
ipcMain.handle('fetch-data', async (event, id) => {
  return await database.get(id);
});

Pattern 2: Send/On (Fire-and-Forget)

// Main → Renderer
mainWindow.webContents.send('notification', message);

// Renderer
window.electronAPI.onNotification((msg) => showToast(msg));

Pattern 3: Two-Way Events

// Renderer sends, awaits Main response
const result = await window.electronAPI.processFile(path);

Packaging Configuration

Electron Forge

{
  "config": {
    "forge": {
      "packagerConfig": {
        "asar": true,
        "icon": "./assets/icon"
      },
      "makers": [
        { "name": "@electron-forge/maker-squirrel" },
        { "name": "@electron-forge/maker-dmg" },
        { "name": "@electron-forge/maker-deb" }
      ]
    }
  }
}

Present Results to User

When providing Electron solutions:

• Always follow security best practices
• Provide complete IPC communication examples
• Consider cross-platform compatibility
• Include TypeScript types for the API
• Note Electron version differences

Troubleshooting

"require is not defined"

• nodeIntegration is correctly disabled
• Use preload script with contextBridge

"Cannot access window.electronAPI"

• Check preload script path is correct
• Verify contextIsolation is true
• Ensure contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld is called

"IPC message not received"

• Verify channel names match exactly
• Check if handler is registered before window loads
• Use invoke for async responses