dev-coding-backend（开发编码后端）

/dev-coding-backend - Backend Implementation

Skill Awareness: See skills/_registry.md for all available skills. - Loaded by: /dev-coding when API/schema work needed - References: Load tech-specific from references/ (directus.md, prisma.md, etc.) - After: Frontend uses API contract documented here

Backend-specific patterns for API, schema, and data layer implementation.

When Loaded

This skill is loaded by /dev-coding when:

• Spec requires API endpoints
• Spec requires schema/database changes
• Spec requires backend logic

Workflow

Step 1: Understand Backend Requirements

From the UC spec, extract:

## Backend Requirements Checklist

[ ] Schema changes needed?
    - New collections/tables
    - New fields on existing
    - Relations to add

[ ] API endpoints needed?
    - Method + Path
    - Request body
    - Response shape
    - Auth required?

[ ] Business logic?
    - Validation rules
    - Calculations
    - Side effects (emails, notifications)

[ ] External integrations?
    - Third-party APIs
    - Webhooks
    - File storage

Step 2: Schema First (if needed)

Order matters: Schema before API

1. Design schema based on spec
2. Create/modify collections or tables
3. Set up relations
4. Configure permissions/roles
5. Verify schema is correct

Verification:

# For Directus - check collection exists
curl "$DIRECTUS_URL/items/{collection}?limit=1" \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN"

# For Prisma - run migration
npx prisma migrate dev

# For SQL - verify table
psql -c "\\d {table_name}"

Step 3: API Implementation

For each endpoint in spec:

1. Create route/handler file
2. Implement request parsing
3. Add validation
4. Implement business logic
5. Handle errors
6. Return response

Follow project patterns (from scout):

• File location (routes/, api/, controllers/)
• Naming convention
• Error handling pattern
• Response format

Step 4: API Patterns

REST Conventions

GET    /api/{resource}        → List
GET    /api/{resource}/:id    → Get one
POST   /api/{resource}        → Create
PUT    /api/{resource}/:id    → Update (full)
PATCH  /api/{resource}/:id    → Update (partial)
DELETE /api/{resource}/:id    → Delete

Request Validation

// Always validate input
const schema = z.object({
  email: z.string().email(),
  password: z.string().min(8),
});

const result = schema.safeParse(req.body);
if (!result.success) {
  return res.status(400).json({
    error: 'Validation failed',
    details: result.error.issues
  });
}

Error Handling

// Consistent error format
{
  "error": "Error message for client",
  "code": "ERROR_CODE",
  "details": {} // Optional additional info
}

// HTTP status codes
200 - Success
201 - Created
400 - Bad request (validation)
401 - Unauthorized
403 - Forbidden
404 - Not found
409 - Conflict
500 - Server error

Authentication Check

// Verify auth before processing
if (!req.user) {
  return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Unauthorized' });
}

// Check permissions
if (!req.user.permissions.includes('create:posts')) {
  return res.status(403).json({ error: 'Forbidden' });
}

Step 5: Verification

Test each endpoint:

# Test with curl
curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/api/auth/login \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"email":"test@test.com","password":"password123"}'

# Expected: 200 with token
# Or: 401 with error message

Verification checklist:

[ ] Endpoint responds
[ ] Correct status codes
[ ] Response matches spec
[ ] Validation rejects bad input
[ ] Auth required endpoints reject anonymous
[ ] Error messages are helpful but not leaky

Step 6: Document for Frontend

After backend complete, document what frontend needs:

## API Ready for Frontend

### POST /api/auth/login
- **Auth**: None (public)
- **Request**: `{ email: string, password: string }`
- **Success (200)**: `{ token: string, user: { id, email, name } }`
- **Errors**:
  - 400: Invalid input
  - 401: Invalid credentials

### GET /api/users/me
- **Auth**: Bearer token required
- **Request**: None
- **Success (200)**: `{ id, email, name, role }`
- **Errors**:
  - 401: No/invalid token

Common Patterns

Database Query Patterns

// Pagination
const page = parseInt(req.query.page) || 1;
const limit = parseInt(req.query.limit) || 10;
const offset = (page - 1) * limit;

const items = await db.items.findMany({
  skip: offset,
  take: limit,
  orderBy: { createdAt: 'desc' }
});

// Filtering
const where = {};
if (req.query.status) {
  where.status = req.query.status;
}

// Include relations
const post = await db.posts.findUnique({
  where: { id },
  include: { author: true, comments: true }
});

Transaction Pattern

// When multiple operations must succeed together
await db.$transaction(async (tx) => {
  const user = await tx.users.create({ data: userData });
  await tx.profiles.create({ data: { userId: user.id } });
  await tx.settings.create({ data: { userId: user.id } });
  return user;
});

Soft Delete Pattern

// Don't actually delete, mark as deleted
await db.posts.update({
  where: { id },
  data: {
    deletedAt: new Date(),
    status: 'deleted'
  }
});

// Query excludes deleted
const posts = await db.posts.findMany({
  where: { deletedAt: null }
});

Security Checklist

[ ] Input validated before use
[ ] SQL/NoSQL injection prevented (use parameterized queries)
[ ] Auth checked on protected routes
[ ] Permissions verified for actions
[ ] Sensitive data not logged
[ ] Passwords hashed (never plain text)
[ ] Rate limiting on auth endpoints
[ ] CORS configured correctly
[ ] No secrets in code (use env vars)

Debugging

API Not Responding

# Check if server running
curl http://localhost:3000/health

# Check logs
tail -f logs/server.log

# Check port in use
lsof -i :3000

Database Issues

# Check connection
npx prisma db pull  # Prisma
psql -c "SELECT 1"  # PostgreSQL

# Check migrations
npx prisma migrate status

Auth Issues

# Test token validity
curl http://localhost:3000/api/users/me \
  -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN"

# Decode JWT (for debugging only)
echo $TOKEN | cut -d. -f2 | base64 -d

Tech-Specific References

Load additional patterns based on detected tech:

These files contain tech-specific patterns, gotchas, and best practices. Add them as your projects use different stacks.