n8n-workflow-automation（n8n 工作流程自动化）

n8n Workflow Automation for Construction

Overview

This skill implements visual workflow automation for construction processes using n8n. Automate repetitive tasks, integrate systems, and build PROJECT TO BUDGET pipelines without extensive programming.

Inspired by DDC Methodology - Automating the bridge between BIM models and cost estimation.

"Автоматизация процесса 'от проекта к смете' позволяет сократить время на подготовку бюджета с недель до часов." — DDC LinkedIn Post

Quick Start

n8n Installation

# Using Docker (recommended)
docker run -it --rm \
  --name n8n \
  -p 5678:5678 \
  -v ~/.n8n:/home/node/.n8n \
  n8nio/n8n

# Using npm
npm install n8n -g
n8n start

# Access at: http://localhost:5678

Construction Workflow Examples

1. Revit to Budget Pipeline

{
  "name": "Revit to Budget Automation",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Watch Revit Export Folder",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.localFileTrigger",
      "parameters": {
        "path": "/data/revit_exports",
        "events": ["add"],
        "fileExtension": ".xlsx"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Read Excel Data",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.readWriteFile",
      "parameters": {
        "operation": "read",
        "filePath": "={{ $json.fileName }}"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Parse BIM Elements",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
      "parameters": {
        "language": "python",
        "code": "import pandas as pd\nimport json\n\ndf = pd.read_excel(items[0].binary.data)\n\nelements = df.to_dict('records')\n\nreturn [{'json': {'elements': elements, 'count': len(elements)}}]"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Match to Unit Prices",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "parameters": {
        "url": "http://api.construction-prices.com/match",
        "method": "POST",
        "body": "={{ JSON.stringify($json.elements) }}"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Calculate Costs",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
      "parameters": {
        "language": "javascript",
        "code": "const elements = items[0].json.elements;\n\nlet totalCost = 0;\nconst costBreakdown = [];\n\nfor (const elem of elements) {\n  const cost = elem.quantity * elem.unit_price;\n  totalCost += cost;\n  costBreakdown.push({\n    category: elem.category,\n    quantity: elem.quantity,\n    unit_price: elem.unit_price,\n    total: cost\n  });\n}\n\nreturn [{\n  json: {\n    total_cost: totalCost,\n    breakdown: costBreakdown\n  }\n}];"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Generate Report",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.spreadsheetFile",
      "parameters": {
        "operation": "create",
        "fileName": "cost_estimate_{{ $now.format('yyyy-MM-dd') }}.xlsx"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Send Email Notification",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.emailSend",
      "parameters": {
        "to": "project-team@company.com",
        "subject": "New Cost Estimate Generated",
        "text": "Total estimate: ${{ $json.total_cost }}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

2. Daily Project Report Automation

{
  "name": "Daily Project Report",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Schedule Trigger",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.cron",
      "parameters": {
        "cronExpression": "0 6 * * 1-5"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Fetch Project Data",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "parameters": {
        "url": "{{ $env.PROJECT_API }}/status",
        "method": "GET"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Fetch Weather Data",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.httpRequest",
      "parameters": {
        "url": "https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather",
        "qs": {
          "q": "{{ $json.project_location }}",
          "appid": "{{ $env.WEATHER_API_KEY }}"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Generate Report",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
      "parameters": {
        "language": "javascript",
        "code": "const project = items[0].json;\nconst weather = items[1].json;\n\nconst report = {\n  date: new Date().toISOString().split('T')[0],\n  project_name: project.name,\n  progress: project.progress_pct,\n  weather: {\n    condition: weather.weather[0].main,\n    temp: Math.round(weather.main.temp - 273.15)\n  },\n  tasks_today: project.scheduled_tasks,\n  blockers: project.blockers || []\n};\n\nreturn [{ json: report }];"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Post to Slack",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.slack",
      "parameters": {
        "channel": "#project-updates",
        "text": "📊 Daily Report - {{ $json.project_name }}\n\nProgress: {{ $json.progress }}%\n🌡️ Weather: {{ $json.weather.condition }} ({{ $json.weather.temp }}°C)\n\nToday's Tasks:\n{{ $json.tasks_today.join('\\n') }}"
      }
    }
  ]
}

3. BIM Model Change Detection

{
  "name": "BIM Change Detection",
  "nodes": [
    {
      "name": "Watch IFC Folder",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.localFileTrigger",
      "parameters": {
        "path": "/models",
        "events": ["change"],
        "fileExtension": ".ifc"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Extract Model Data",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.executeCommand",
      "parameters": {
        "command": "python /scripts/extract_ifc.py {{ $json.fileName }}"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Compare with Previous",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.code",
      "parameters": {
        "language": "python",
        "code": "import json\n\ncurrent = json.loads(items[0].json.output)\nprevious = load_previous_version()\n\nchanges = {\n  'added': [],\n  'modified': [],\n  'deleted': []\n}\n\n# Compare logic\nfor elem in current:\n  if elem['id'] not in previous:\n    changes['added'].append(elem)\n  elif elem != previous[elem['id']]:\n    changes['modified'].append(elem)\n\nfor elem_id in previous:\n  if elem_id not in [e['id'] for e in current]:\n    changes['deleted'].append(previous[elem_id])\n\nreturn [{'json': changes}]"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Update Database",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.postgres",
      "parameters": {
        "operation": "executeQuery",
        "query": "INSERT INTO model_changes (timestamp, changes) VALUES (NOW(), '{{ JSON.stringify($json) }}')"
      }
    },
    {
      "name": "Notify Team",
      "type": "n8n-nodes-base.microsoftTeams",
      "parameters": {
        "message": "🔔 Model Updated\n\n+{{ $json.added.length }} elements added\n📝 {{ $json.modified.length }} elements modified\n-{{ $json.deleted.length }} elements deleted"
      }
    }
  ]
}

Common Workflow Patterns

Data Extraction Pattern

// n8n Code Node - Extract BIM Quantities
const xlsx = require('xlsx');

// Read uploaded file
const workbook = xlsx.read(items[0].binary.data, { type: 'buffer' });
const sheetName = workbook.SheetNames[0];
const data = xlsx.utils.sheet_to_json(workbook.Sheets[sheetName]);

// Process BIM elements
const quantities = {};
for (const row of data) {
  const category = row['Category'] || 'Unknown';
  const volume = parseFloat(row['Volume']) || 0;

  if (!quantities[category]) {
    quantities[category] = { count: 0, volume: 0 };
  }
  quantities[category].count++;
  quantities[category].volume += volume;
}

return [{ json: { quantities, total_elements: data.length } }];

Cost Matching Pattern

// n8n Code Node - Match elements to unit prices
const elements = items[0].json.elements;
const priceDatabase = $env.PRICE_DATABASE;

const matched = [];

for (const elem of elements) {
  // Fuzzy match description to price items
  const match = await $http.post(`${priceDatabase}/search`, {
    query: elem.description,
    category: elem.category
  });

  matched.push({
    ...elem,
    matched_item: match.data.best_match,
    unit_price: match.data.unit_price,
    confidence: match.data.confidence
  });
}

return [{ json: { matched_elements: matched } }];

Report Generation Pattern

// n8n Code Node - Generate PDF Report
const PDFDocument = require('pdfkit');

const doc = new PDFDocument();
const buffers = [];

doc.on('data', buffers.push.bind(buffers));

// Header
doc.fontSize(20).text('Cost Estimate Report', { align: 'center' });
doc.moveDown();

// Project Info
doc.fontSize(12).text(`Project: ${items[0].json.project_name}`);
doc.text(`Date: ${new Date().toLocaleDateString()}`);
doc.moveDown();

// Cost Summary
doc.fontSize(14).text('Cost Summary', { underline: true });
for (const [category, cost] of Object.entries(items[0].json.costs)) {
  doc.fontSize(10).text(`${category}: $${cost.toLocaleString()}`);
}

doc.end();

return new Promise(resolve => {
  doc.on('end', () => {
    resolve([{
      json: { success: true },
      binary: {
        data: Buffer.concat(buffers).toString('base64'),
        fileName: 'cost_report.pdf',
        mimeType: 'application/pdf'
      }
    }]);
  });
});

Integration Nodes

Useful n8n Nodes for Construction

Data Sources:
  - Google Sheets: Project tracking, cost databases
  - Airtable: Element databases, issue tracking
  - PostgreSQL: BIM databases, project data
  - HTTP Request: API integrations

File Processing:
  - Read/Write File: Excel, CSV, JSON
  - Execute Command: Python scripts, CLI tools
  - Code: Custom processing logic

Communication:
  - Slack: Team notifications
  - Microsoft Teams: Project updates
  - Email: Reports, alerts
  - Telegram: Mobile notifications

Cloud Storage:
  - AWS S3: Model storage
  - Google Drive: Document sharing
  - Dropbox: File sync

Workflow Templates

Template: QTO to Excel

{
  "workflow": "QTO Extraction",
  "trigger": "Manual/Webhook",
  "steps": [
    "Receive IFC file",
    "Extract quantities (Python/IfcOpenShell)",
    "Group by category",
    "Add unit prices",
    "Calculate totals",
    "Generate Excel report",
    "Upload to cloud storage",
    "Send notification"
  ]
}

Template: Daily Status Collection

{
  "workflow": "Daily Status",
  "trigger": "Cron (6:00 AM)",
  "steps": [
    "Fetch project status from API",
    "Get weather forecast",
    "Check scheduled tasks",
    "Compile daily report",
    "Post to Slack/Teams",
    "Email to stakeholders"
  ]
}

Best Practices

1. **Error Handling**
   - Always add error branches
   - Log failures to database
   - Send alerts on critical failures

2. **Data Validation**
   - Validate input data format
   - Check for required fields
   - Handle missing values gracefully

3. **Performance**
   - Use batch processing for large datasets
   - Implement pagination for API calls
   - Cache frequently used data

4. **Security**
   - Store credentials in environment variables
   - Use encryption for sensitive data
   - Implement access controls

Quick Reference

Resources

• n8n Documentation: https://docs.n8n.io
• n8n Community: https://community.n8n.io
• DDC Website: https://datadrivenconstruction.io

Next Steps

• See etl-pipeline for code-based data pipelines
• See llm-data-automation for AI-powered automation
• See vector-search for intelligent document search