dart-static-analysis（飞镖静态分析）

Analyzing and Linting Dart Code

Contents

• Configuring Analysis Options
• Managing Linter Rules
• Resolving Type Promotion Failures
• Workflow: Static Analysis Setup and Execution
• Workflow: Fixing Type Promotion
• Examples

Configuring Analysis Options

Control static analysis by placing an analysis_options.yaml file at the root of your package.

• Enforce Strict Type Checks: Always enable strict-casts, strict-inference, and strict-raw-types in the analyzer section to catch implicit dynamic casts and un-inferred types at compile time.
• Configure Formatting: Define dart format rules within the formatter section (e.g., page_width and trailing_commas).
• Exclude Generated Code: Use the exclude key to ignore generated files (e.g., **/*.g.dart, **/*.freezed.dart) to prevent false positives.

Managing Linter Rules

Rely on community-standard rule sets rather than maintaining a bespoke list of rules.

• Use Standard Packages: Include package:lints/recommended.yaml for pure Dart projects or package:flutter_lints/flutter.yaml for Flutter projects.
• Avoid Manual Ignores: AVOID ignoring lints manually (e.g., // ignore:...) unless absolutely necessary. Prefer fixing the root cause of the lint.
• Bulk Fixes: DO use dart fix --apply to automatically resolve common lint violations and migration issues across the entire codebase.
• Customize Severity: If a specific rule is too noisy but still valuable, change its severity in the errors map (e.g., todo: info) rather than disabling it entirely.

Resolving Type Promotion Failures

Type promotion occurs when flow analysis confirms a nullable variable is not null. Promotion fails when the compiler cannot guarantee that a value remains stable between the check and the usage.

Common causes for promotion failures include:

1. Public or Non-Final Fields: External libraries could override public fields, and non-final fields can be mutated.
2. Getters: The compiler cannot guarantee a getter returns the same value on subsequent calls.
3. Write Captures: A variable is modified inside a closure or function expression, invalidating previous checks.

The Solution: DO resolve "non-promotion" reasons by assigning the field, getter, or captured variable to a local final variable before performing the null or type check. Local variables are guaranteed to be stable, allowing the compiler to safely promote the type.

Workflow: Static Analysis Setup and Execution

Use this checklist to initialize and enforce static analysis in a Dart project.

• Task Progress: Setup Analysis

- Run dart pub add --dev lints (or flutter_lints). - Create analysis_options.yaml at the project root. - Include the recommended rule set (include: package:lints/recommended.yaml). - Enable strict language modes (strict-casts, strict-inference, strict-raw-types).

• Task Progress: Execution & Remediation

- Run dart analyze to catch potential bugs and style violations early. - Run dart fix --apply to automatically resolve mechanical lint issues. - Review remaining errors manually. Run validator -> review errors -> fix root causes without using // ignore.

Workflow: Fixing Type Promotion

When dart analyze reports that a property or field cannot be promoted:

• Task Progress: Fix Promotion

- Identify the failing variable (e.g., a public field, getter, or write-captured variable). - Declare a local final variable immediately before the conditional check. - Assign the un-promotable field/getter to the new local variable. - Perform the != null or is Type check on the *local* variable. - Update all references inside the conditional block to use the local variable. - Run dart analyze to verify the promotion failure is resolved.

Examples

High-Fidelity analysis_options.yaml

include: package:lints/recommended.yaml

analyzer:
  exclude:
    - "**/*.g.dart"
    - "**/*.freezed.dart"
  language:
    strict-casts: true
    strict-inference: true
    strict-raw-types: true
  errors:
    todo: info
    invalid_assignment: error

formatter:
  page_width: 80
  trailing_commas: preserve

linter:
  rules:
    # Disable specific rules if they conflict with project architecture
    avoid_classes_with_only_static_members: false
    # Enable additional strict rules
    always_declare_return_types: true
    cancel_subscriptions: true

Fixing Type Promotion via Local Variables

Anti-Pattern: Checking a getter or public field directly. The compiler throws an error because _value is a getter and might return a different result on the second call.

abstract class Example {
  int? get _value => Random().nextBool() ? 123 : null;
}

void printParity(Example x) {
  if (x._value != null) {
    // ERROR: '_value' refers to a getter so it couldn't be promoted.
    print(x._value.isEven);
  }
}

Best Practice: Assign to a local final variable to ensure stability.

abstract class Example {
  int? get _value => Random().nextBool() ? 123 : null;
}

void printParity(Example x) {
  final localValue = x._value; // 1. Assign to local final variable

  if (localValue != null) {    // 2. Check the local variable
    print(localValue.isEven);  // 3. Use the promoted local variable (OK)
  }
}

*Related Skills: dart-effective-style, dart-api-design*