create-github-release（create GitHub 发布）

Create GitHub Release

Create a tagged GitHub release with release notes and optional artifacts.

When to Use

• Marking a stable version of software for distribution
• Publishing a new version of a library or application
• Creating release notes for stakeholders
• Distributing build artifacts (binaries, tarballs)

Inputs

• Required: Version number (semantic versioning)
• Required: Summary of changes since last release
• Optional: Build artifacts to attach
• Optional: Whether this is a pre-release

Procedure

Step 1: Determine Version Number

Follow semantic versioning (MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH):

Expected: A version number is chosen that accurately reflects the scope of changes since the last release.

On failure: If unsure whether changes are breaking, review the public API diff. Any removal or signature change of an exported function is a breaking change requiring a MAJOR bump.

Step 2: Update Version in Project Files

• DESCRIPTION (R packages)
• package.json (Node.js)
• Cargo.toml (Rust)
• pyproject.toml (Python)

Expected: The version number is updated in the appropriate project file and committed to version control.

On failure: If the version was already updated in a previous step (e.g., via usethis::use_version() in R), verify it matches the intended release version.

Step 3: Write Release Notes

Create or update changelog. Organize by category:

## What's Changed

### New Features
- Added user authentication (#42)
- Support for custom themes (#45)

### Bug Fixes
- Fixed crash on empty input (#38)
- Corrected date parsing in UTC (#41)

### Improvements
- Improved error messages
- Updated dependencies

### Breaking Changes
- `old_function()` renamed to `new_function()` (#50)

**Full Changelog**: https://github.com/user/repo/compare/v1.0.0...v1.1.0

Expected: Release notes are organized by category (features, fixes, breaking changes) with issue/PR references for traceability.

On failure: If changes are hard to categorize, review git log v1.0.0..HEAD --oneline to reconstruct the list of changes since the last release.

Step 4: Create Git Tag

git tag -a v1.1.0 -m "Release v1.1.0"
git push origin v1.1.0

Expected: An annotated tag v1.1.0 exists locally and on the remote. git tag -l shows the tag.

On failure: If the tag already exists, delete it with git tag -d v1.1.0 && git push origin:refs/tags/v1.1.0 and recreate it. If push is rejected, ensure you have write access to the remote.

Step 5: Create GitHub Release

Using GitHub CLI (recommended):

gh release create v1.1.0 \
  --title "v1.1.0" \
  --notes-file CHANGELOG.md

With artifacts:

gh release create v1.1.0 \
  --title "v1.1.0" \
  --notes "Release notes here" \
  build/app-v1.1.0.tar.gz \
  build/app-v1.1.0.zip

Pre-release:

gh release create v2.0.0-beta.1 \
  --title "v2.0.0 Beta 1" \
  --prerelease \
  --notes "Beta release for testing"

Expected: Release visible on GitHub with tag, notes, and attached artifacts (if any).

On failure: If gh is not authenticated, run gh auth login. If the tag does not exist on the remote, push it first with git push origin v1.1.0.

Step 6: Auto-Generate Release Notes

GitHub can auto-generate notes from merged PRs:

gh release create v1.1.0 \
  --title "v1.1.0" \
  --generate-notes

Configure categories in .github/release.yml:

changelog:
  categories:
    - title: New Features
      labels:
        - enhancement
    - title: Bug Fixes
      labels:
        - bug
    - title: Documentation
      labels:
        - documentation
    - title: Other Changes
      labels:
        - "*"

Expected: Release notes are auto-generated from merged PR titles, categorized by label. .github/release.yml controls the categories.

On failure: If auto-generated notes are empty, ensure PRs were merged (not closed) and had labels assigned. Manually write notes as a fallback.

Step 7: Verify Release

# List releases
gh release list

# View specific release
gh release view v1.1.0

Expected: gh release list shows the new release. gh release view displays the correct title, tag, notes, and assets.

On failure: If the release is missing, check the Actions tab for any release workflows that may have failed. Verify the tag exists with git tag -l.

Validation

• Version tag follows semantic versioning
• Git tag points to the correct commit
• Release notes accurately describe changes
• Artifacts (if any) are attached and downloadable
• Release is visible on the GitHub repository page
• Pre-release flag is set correctly

Common Pitfalls

• Tagging wrong commit: Always verify git log before tagging. Tag after version-bump commit.
• Forgetting to push tags: git push doesn't push tags. Use git push --tags or git push origin v1.1.0.
• Inconsistent version format: Decide on v1.0.0 vs 1.0.0 and stick with it.
• Empty release notes: Always provide meaningful notes. Users need to know what changed.
• Deleting and recreating tags: Avoid changing tags after push. If needed, create a new version instead.

Related Skills

• commit-changes - staging and committing workflow
• manage-git-branches - branch management for release prep
• release-package-version - R-specific release workflow
• configure-git-repository - Git setup prerequisite
• setup-github-actions-ci - automate releases via CI