compose-ui（编写用户界面）

Jetpack Compose Best Practices

Instructions

Follow these guidelines to create performant, reusable, and testable Composables.

1. State Hoisting (Unidirectional Data Flow)

Make Composables stateless whenever possible by moving state to the caller.

• Pattern: Function signature should usually look like: @Composable fun MyComponent(value: String, // State flows down onValueChange: (String) -> Unit, // Events flow up modifier: Modifier = Modifier // Standard modifier parameter)
• Benefit: Decouples the UI from simple state storage, making it easier to preview and test.
• ViewModel Integration: The screen-level Composable retrieves state from the ViewModel (viewModel.uiState.collectAsStateWithLifecycle()) and passes it down.

2. Modifiers

• Default Parameter: Always provide a modifier: Modifier = Modifier as the first optional parameter.
• Application: Apply this modifier to the *root* layout element of your Composable.
• Ordering matters: padding().clickable() is different from clickable().padding(). Generally apply layout-affecting modifiers (like padding) *after* click listeners if you want the padding to be clickable.

3. Performance Optimization

• remember: Use remember {...} to cache expensive calculations across recompositions.
• derivedStateOf: Use derivedStateOf {...} when a state changes frequently (like scroll position) but the UI only needs to react to a threshold or summary (e.g., show "Jump to Top" button). This prevents unnecessary recompositions. val showButton by remember {derivedStateOf {listState.firstVisibleItemIndex > 0}}
• Lambda Stability: Prefer method references (e.g., viewModel::onEvent) or remembered lambdas to prevent unstable types from triggering recomposition of children.

4. Theming and Resources

• Use MaterialTheme.colorScheme and MaterialTheme.typography instead of hardcoded colors or text styles.
• Organize simple UI components into specific files (e.g., DesignSystem.kt or Components.kt) if they are shared across features.

5. Previews

• Create a private preview function for every public Composable.
• Use @Preview(showBackground = true) and include Light/Dark mode previews if applicable.
• Pass dummy data (static) to the stateless Composable for the preview.