openapi（OpenAPI 文档）

OpenAPI Core Knowledge

Deep Knowledge: Use mcp__documentation__fetch_docs with technology: openapi for comprehensive documentation.

Basic Structure

openapi: 3.1.0
info:
  title: User API
  version: 1.0.0
  description: API for managing users

servers:
  - url: https://api.example.com/v1

paths:
  /users:
    get:
      summary: List users
      operationId: listUsers
      parameters:
        - name: limit
          in: query
          schema:
            type: integer
            default: 20
      responses:
        '200':
          description: List of users
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                type: array
                items:
                  $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'
    post:
      summary: Create user
      requestBody:
        required: true
        content:
          application/json:
            schema:
              $ref: '#/components/schemas/CreateUser'
      responses:
        '201':
          description: User created
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'

  /users/{id}:
    get:
      summary: Get user by ID
      parameters:
        - name: id
          in: path
          required: true
          schema:
            type: string
      responses:
        '200':
          description: User found
        '404':
          description: User not found

components:
  schemas:
    User:
      type: object
      properties:
        id:
          type: string
        name:
          type: string
        email:
          type: string
          format: email
      required: [id, name, email]

    CreateUser:
      type: object
      properties:
        name:
          type: string
        email:
          type: string
          format: email
      required: [name, email]

  securitySchemes:
    bearerAuth:
      type: http
      scheme: bearer
      bearerFormat: JWT

security:
  - bearerAuth: []

Schema Types

# String with validation
type: string
minLength: 1
maxLength: 100
pattern: '^[a-zA-Z]+$'
format: email | date | date-time | uri | uuid

# Number
type: integer
minimum: 0
maximum: 100

# Enum
type: string
enum: [active, inactive, pending]

# Array
type: array
items:
  type: string
minItems: 1
maxItems: 10

# Object
type: object
additionalProperties: false

When NOT to Use This Skill

• GraphQL API documentation (use graphql skill)
• tRPC type-safe APIs (use trpc skill)
• Generating API clients (use openapi-codegen skill)
• Spring Boot API documentation (use springdoc-openapi skill)
• Code-first API development (consider using annotations/decorators)

Anti-Patterns

Quick Troubleshooting

Production Readiness

Complete Error Responses

components:
  schemas:
    Error:
      type: object
      properties:
        code:
          type: string
          example: 'NOT_FOUND'
        message:
          type: string
          example: 'User not found'
        details:
          type: array
          items:
            type: object
            properties:
              field:
                type: string
              message:
                type: string
      required: [code, message]

  responses:
    BadRequest:
      description: Invalid request
      content:
        application/json:
          schema:
            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'
          example:
            code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR'
            message: 'Invalid input'
            details:
              - field: 'email'
                message: 'Invalid email format'

    Unauthorized:
      description: Authentication required
      content:
        application/json:
          schema:
            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'

    NotFound:
      description: Resource not found
      content:
        application/json:
          schema:
            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'

    RateLimited:
      description: Too many requests
      headers:
        X-RateLimit-Limit:
          schema:
            type: integer
        X-RateLimit-Remaining:
          schema:
            type: integer
        X-RateLimit-Reset:
          schema:
            type: integer
      content:
        application/json:
          schema:
            $ref: '#/components/schemas/Error'

paths:
  /users:
    post:
      responses:
        '201':
          description: Created
        '400':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/BadRequest'
        '401':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/Unauthorized'
        '429':
          $ref: '#/components/responses/RateLimited'

Pagination

components:
  schemas:
    PaginatedResponse:
      type: object
      properties:
        data:
          type: array
          items: {}
        pagination:
          type: object
          properties:
            page:
              type: integer
            limit:
              type: integer
            total:
              type: integer
            totalPages:
              type: integer

  parameters:
    PageParam:
      name: page
      in: query
      schema:
        type: integer
        minimum: 1
        default: 1
    LimitParam:
      name: limit
      in: query
      schema:
        type: integer
        minimum: 1
        maximum: 100
        default: 20

paths:
  /users:
    get:
      parameters:
        - $ref: '#/components/parameters/PageParam'
        - $ref: '#/components/parameters/LimitParam'
      responses:
        '200':
          content:
            application/json:
              schema:
                allOf:
                  - $ref: '#/components/schemas/PaginatedResponse'
                  - type: object
                    properties:
                      data:
                        items:
                          $ref: '#/components/schemas/User'

Code Generation

# Generate TypeScript types
npx openapi-typescript ./openapi.yaml -o ./src/types/api.ts

# Generate client SDK
npx @openapitools/openapi-generator-cli generate \
  -i openapi.yaml \
  -g typescript-fetch \
  -o ./src/api-client

# Validate spec
npx @redocly/cli lint openapi.yaml

// Generated type usage
import type { paths, components } from './types/api';

type User = components['schemas']['User'];
type CreateUserRequest = paths['/users']['post']['requestBody']['content']['application/json'];
type UserListResponse = paths['/users']['get']['responses']['200']['content']['application/json'];

Testing

// Contract testing with OpenAPI
import SwaggerParser from '@apidevtools/swagger-parser';
import { expect, test } from 'vitest';

test('OpenAPI spec is valid', async () => {
  const api = await SwaggerParser.validate('./openapi.yaml');
  expect(api.info.title).toBeDefined();
});

// API response validation
import Ajv from 'ajv';
import addFormats from 'ajv-formats';

const ajv = new Ajv({ strict: false });
addFormats(ajv);

test('GET /users returns valid response', async () => {
  const response = await fetch('/api/users');
  const data = await response.json();

  const validate = ajv.compile(userListSchema);
  expect(validate(data)).toBe(true);
});

Monitoring Metrics

Checklist

• Standard error response schema
• Pagination parameters defined
• All responses documented
• Security schemes defined
• Request/response examples
• Reusable components
• Code generation configured
• Spec validation in CI
• Contract tests
• Versioning strategy

Frontend Integration

OpenAPI specs can be consumed by frontend applications to generate type-safe clients.

Workflow

OpenAPI Spec → Code Generation → Type-Safe Client → Frontend App

Related Skills

Quick Client Generation

# Generate TypeScript types only
npx openapi-typescript ./openapi.yaml -o ./src/types/api.ts

# Generate full client
npx @openapitools/openapi-generator-cli generate \
  -i openapi.yaml \
  -g typescript-fetch \
  -o ./src/api-client

# swagger-typescript-api (simpler)
npx swagger-typescript-api -p ./openapi.yaml -o ./src/api --axios

Type Usage in Frontend

import type { paths, components } from './types/api';
import { createApiClient } from './api-client';

// Type-safe request/response
type User = components['schemas']['User'];
type CreateUserBody = paths['/users']['post']['requestBody']['content']['application/json'];
type UsersResponse = paths['/users']['get']['responses']['200']['content']['application/json'];

// With generated client
const api = createApiClient({ baseUrl: '/api' });
const users = await api.users.list(); // Fully typed

Reference Documentation

• Parameters
• Security
• Frontend Integration