ci-cd-security（CI CD 安全）

CI/CD Security Skill

Purpose

Implement security-hardened CI/CD pipelines using GitHub Actions with least privilege, supply chain security, and comprehensive monitoring.

Core Principles

1. Least Privilege Permissions

Always grant minimum necessary permissions:

permissions:
  contents: read       # Read repo content
  pull-requests: write # Only if managing PRs
  issues: write        # Only if managing issues
  # Deny everything else by default

2. Pin Actions to SHA

Never use tags - always pin to commit SHA:

# ❌ Bad: Using tag (can be moved)
- uses: actions/checkout@v4

# ✅ Good: Pinned to SHA (immutable)
- uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd

3. Harden Runner

Use step-security/harden-runner on every job:

- name: Harden Runner
  uses: step-security/harden-runner@e3f713f2d8f53843e71c69a996d56f51aa9adfb9
  with:
    egress-policy: audit  # Log all network calls

4. Secrets Management

# ✅ Use GitHub Secrets
- env:
    TOKEN: \${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  run: |
    # Never echo secrets
    curl -H "Authorization: Bearer \$TOKEN" ...

# ❌ Never hardcode
TOKEN="ghp_hardcoded_token"  # NEVER DO THIS

5. Supply Chain Security

- name: Dependency Review
  uses: actions/dependency-review-action@SHA

- name: CodeQL Scanning
  uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@SHA

Security-Hardened Workflow Template

name: Secure Workflow

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

permissions:
  contents: read

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Harden Runner
        uses: step-security/harden-runner@e3f713f2d8f53843e71c69a996d56f51aa9adfb9
        with:
          egress-policy: audit
          allowed-endpoints: >
            github.com:443
            api.github.com:443

      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@de0fac2e4500dabe0009e67214ff5f5447ce83dd

      - name: Setup Node
        uses: actions/setup-node@6044e13b5dc448c55e2357c09f80417699197238
        with:
          node-version: '25'
          cache: 'npm'

      - name: Install Dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Run Security Checks
        run: |
          npm audit
          npm run lint
          npm test

Supply Chain Security

Dependency Scanning

- name: Run Dependency Review
  uses: actions/dependency-review-action@SHA
  with:
    fail-on-severity: moderate

Code Scanning

- name: Initialize CodeQL
  uses: github/codeql-action/init@SHA
  with:
    languages: javascript, python

- name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
  uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@SHA

Secret Scanning

Enable in repository settings:

• GitHub secret scanning
• Push protection
• Custom patterns if needed

Remember

• Least Privilege: Grant minimal permissions
• Pin to SHA: Immutable action versions
• Harden Runner: Audit all network egress
• Scan Everything: Dependencies, code, secrets
• Never Trust: Validate all inputs
• Monitor Continuously: Review audit logs

References

• GitHub Actions Security
• Step Security
• SLSA Framework