authorization-pundit（授权专家）

Authorization with Pundit for Rails 8

Overview

Pundit provides policy-based authorization:

• Plain Ruby policy objects
• Convention over configuration
• Easy to test
• Scoped queries for collections
• Works with any authentication system

Quick Start

# Add to Gemfile
bundle add pundit

# Generate base files
bin/rails generate pundit:install

# Generate policy for model
bin/rails generate pundit:policy Event

Project Structure

app/
├── policies/
│   ├── application_policy.rb    # Base policy
│   ├── event_policy.rb
│   ├── vendor_policy.rb
│   └── user_policy.rb
spec/policies/
├── event_policy_spec.rb
├── vendor_policy_spec.rb
└── user_policy_spec.rb

TDD Workflow

Authorization Progress:
- [ ] Step 1: Write policy spec (RED)
- [ ] Step 2: Run spec (fails)
- [ ] Step 3: Implement policy
- [ ] Step 4: Run spec (GREEN)
- [ ] Step 5: Add policy to controller
- [ ] Step 6: Test integration

Base Policy

# app/policies/application_policy.rb
class ApplicationPolicy
  attr_reader :user, :record

  def initialize(user, record)
    @user = user
    @record = record
  end

  # Default: deny all
  def index?
    false
  end

  def show?
    false
  end

  def create?
    false
  end

  def new?
    create?
  end

  def update?
    false
  end

  def edit?
    update?
  end

  def destroy?
    false
  end

  class Scope
    def initialize(user, scope)
      @user = user
      @scope = scope
    end

    def resolve
      raise NotImplementedError, "Define #resolve in #{self.class}"
    end

    private

    attr_reader :user, :scope
  end
end

Policy Implementation

Four policy patterns are available. See policies.md for full implementations:

1. Basic Policy – owner-based access with Scope filtering by account_id
2. Role-Based Policy – combines owner?, admin?, member_or_above? predicates; admin sees all in Scope
3. Policy with State Conditions – gate actions on record state (locked?, destroyable?, can_cancel?)
4. Headless Policy – policy not tied to a record (dashboards, admin panels)

Also in policies.md:

• Permitted Attributes – role-based permitted_attributes for strong params
• Nested Resource Policies – delegate to parent resource policy (EventPolicy.new(user, record.event).show?)

Controller Integration

See controller-integration.md for full examples of:

• ApplicationController setup with include Pundit::Authorization, after_action:verify_authorized, and rescue_from Pundit::NotAuthorizedError
• Full CRUD controller using authorize @event and policy_scope(Event)
• Custom action authorization: authorize @event,:publish?
• Skipping authorization for public pages with skip_after_action

View Integration

See views-and-testing.md for:

• ERB conditional rendering with policy(@event).edit?
• ViewComponent integration with EventPolicy.new(@user, @event)

Testing

See views-and-testing.md for:

• Policy spec with permissions:show? blocks and permit/not_to permit matchers
• pundit-matchers gem usage with permit_actions / forbid_actions
• Request spec testing HTTP status and redirect behavior
• I18n error message configuration and custom rescue_from handler

Checklist

• Policy spec written first (RED)
• Policy inherits from ApplicationPolicy
• Scope defined for collections
• Controller uses authorize and policy_scope
• verify_authorized after_action enabled
• Views use policy(@record).action?
• Error handling configured
• Multi-tenancy enforced in Scope
• All specs GREEN

References

• policies.md – Policy patterns: basic, role-based, state conditions, headless, nested, permitted attributes
• controller-integration.md – ApplicationController setup, CRUD, custom actions, skip authorization
• views-and-testing.md – ERB views, ViewComponent, policy specs, pundit-matchers, request specs, I18n errors