architect-python-uv-fastapi-sqlalchemy（架构师 Python UV FastAPI sqlalchemy）

Architect: Python + uv + FastAPI + SQLAlchemy

Use this skill when the user wants a production API scaffold in Python with modern packaging (uv), database migrations, containerization, and CI. Docker is required by default for this runnable base architect skill. Only allow NO_DOCKER=yes when the user explicitly asks for a local-only exception.

Inputs

Collect these values first:

• PROJECT_NAME: kebab-case repository/folder name.
• MODULE_NAME: import-safe module name (usually snake_case).
• PYTHON_VERSION: default 3.12.
• DATABASE_URL: runtime DB URL.
• NO_DOCKER: default no. Set yes only when user explicitly opts out of containerization.

Use these version defaults unless user requests otherwise:

• uv latest stable via astral-sh/setup-uv
• Python 3.12
• postgres:16-alpine

Preflight Checks

Run before scaffolding:

command -v uv >/dev/null && uv --version || echo "uv-missing"
python3 --version
command -v docker >/dev/null && docker --version || echo "docker-missing"

Execution modes:

• production-default: create and validate container artifacts (NO_DOCKER=no).
• local-no-docker: skip container files only when user explicitly sets NO_DOCKER=yes.
• offline-smoke: tools/network constrained; scaffold structure and report verification limits.

Production-default contract:

• Must create Dockerfile, .dockerignore, and docker-compose.yml.
• Must include CI image build check.
• Must run containerized smoke validation.

Scaffold Workflow

1. Initialize project:

uv init --package {{PROJECT_NAME}}
cd {{PROJECT_NAME}}

1. Install runtime and dev dependencies:

uv add fastapi "uvicorn[standard]" sqlalchemy asyncpg alembic pydantic-settings
uv add -d pytest pytest-asyncio httpx ruff mypy

1. Create source layout:

src/{{MODULE_NAME}}/
  api/routes/health.py
  core/config.py
  db/base.py
  db/session.py
  main.py
tests/

1. Initialize Alembic and wire metadata:

uv run alembic init alembic

• Set alembic.ini sqlalchemy.url to ${DATABASE_URL}.
• In alembic/env.py, import Base.metadata from src/{{MODULE_NAME}}/db/base.py.

1. Add infrastructure and CI files (NO_DOCKER=no):

• Dockerfile
• .dockerignore
• docker-compose.yml
• .github/workflows/ci.yml If NO_DOCKER=yes, document this exception in project notes and keep non-container validation.

Required File Templates

src/{{MODULE_NAME}}/core/config.py

from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings, SettingsConfigDict

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    model_config = SettingsConfigDict(env_file=".env", env_file_encoding="utf-8")
    app_name: str = "api"
    environment: str = "development"
    database_url: str = "postgresql+asyncpg://app:app@localhost:5432/app"

settings = Settings()

src/{{MODULE_NAME}}/db/base.py

from sqlalchemy.orm import DeclarativeBase

class Base(DeclarativeBase):
    pass

src/{{MODULE_NAME}}/db/session.py

from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import async_sessionmaker, create_async_engine

from {{MODULE_NAME}}.core.config import settings

engine = create_async_engine(settings.database_url, pool_pre_ping=True)
SessionLocal = async_sessionmaker(bind=engine, expire_on_commit=False)

src/{{MODULE_NAME}}/api/routes/health.py

from fastapi import APIRouter

router = APIRouter()

@router.get("/healthz", tags=["health"])
async def healthcheck() -> dict[str, str]:
    return {"status": "ok"}

src/{{MODULE_NAME}}/main.py

from fastapi import FastAPI

from {{MODULE_NAME}}.api.routes.health import router as health_router

app = FastAPI(title="{{PROJECT_NAME}}")
app.include_router(health_router)

Dockerfile

FROM ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:python3.12-bookworm-slim AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY pyproject.toml uv.lock ./
COPY src ./src
RUN uv sync --frozen --no-dev

FROM python:3.12-slim AS run
WORKDIR /app
ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
RUN useradd --create-home --shell /bin/bash app
COPY --from=build /app/.venv /app/.venv
COPY src ./src
COPY alembic ./alembic
COPY alembic.ini ./
ENV PATH="/app/.venv/bin:$PATH"
USER app
EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["uvicorn", "{{MODULE_NAME}}.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

.dockerignore

.git
.venv
__pycache__
.pytest_cache
.mypy_cache
.ruff_cache
*.pyc
dist
build

docker-compose.yml

services:
  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: app
      POSTGRES_USER: app
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: app
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U app -d app"]
      interval: 5s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 20
    volumes:
      - pg_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data

  api:
    build: .
    environment:
      DATABASE_URL: postgresql+asyncpg://app:app@db:5432/app
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy
    ports:
      - "8000:8000"

volumes:
  pg_data:

Keep ports: - "8000:8000" on the api service so the host can reach the app. If documenting direct docker run usage for the API image, include -p 8000:8000 and the required DATABASE_URL; docker compose remains the default local path because it provides the database too.

.github/workflows/ci.yml

name: ci
on:
  push:
  pull_request:

jobs:
  quality:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: "3.12"
      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v5
      - name: Install deps
        run: uv sync --frozen --dev
      - name: Ruff
        run: uv run ruff check .
      - name: Ruff Docstrings
        run: uv run ruff check . --select D
      - name: Mypy
        run: uv run mypy src
      - name: Pytest
        run: uv run pytest -q
      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
      - uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          push: false
          tags: {{PROJECT_NAME}}:ci
          cache-from: type=gha
          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

Guardrails

• Documentation contract for generated code:

- Python: write module docstrings and docstrings for public classes, methods, and functions. - Next.js/TypeScript: write JSDoc for exported components, hooks, utilities, and route handlers. - Add concise rationale comments only for non-obvious logic, invariants, or safety constraints. - Apply this contract even when using template snippets below; expand templates as needed.

• Keep async DB stack consistent (sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio + asyncpg).
• Never hardcode secrets; use environment variables and .env.
• Ensure Alembic migrations are generated and committed.
• Ensure container runs as non-root user.
• Prefer docker compose in docs and scripts.
• Treat NO_DOCKER=yes as an explicit exception, not default behavior.
• Ensure uv.lock is committed before Docker build; the Dockerfile copies it explicitly for deterministic uv sync --frozen installs.

Validation Checklist

• Confirm generated code includes required docstrings/JSDoc and rationale comments for non-obvious logic.

Run and fix failures before finishing:

uv run ruff check .
uv run ruff check . --select D
uv run mypy src
uv run pytest -q
uv run alembic upgrade head
test -f uv.lock
docker build -t {{PROJECT_NAME}}:local .
docker compose up -d --build
docker compose ps
curl http://localhost:8000/healthz

local-no-docker (NO_DOCKER=yes):

uv run ruff check .
uv run ruff check . --select D
uv run mypy src
uv run pytest -q
uv run alembic upgrade head

Fallback (offline-smoke):

python3 -m compileall src
test -f Dockerfile || echo "docker-artifacts-missing-in-offline-smoke"

Decision Justification Rule

• Every non-trivial decision must include a concrete justification.
• Capture the alternatives considered and why they were rejected.
• State tradeoffs and residual risks for the chosen option.
• If justification is missing, treat the task as incomplete and surface it as a blocker.