angular-security（Angular 安全）

Angular Security

Version: Angular 21 (2025) Tags: Security, XSS, CSRF, CSP, Sanitization

References: Security Guide • DomSanitizer

API Changes

This section documents recent version-specific API changes.

• NEW: Trusted Types — Angular supports Trusted Types for CSP
• NEW: HttpClient CSRF — Built-in CSRF protection with CookieXSRFStrategy
• NEW: provideZoneChangeDetection with untrustedEvents — Zone.js event filtering
• NEW: afterNextRender security — Run code safely after rendering

Best Practices

• Use DomSanitizer for safe HTML

import { DomSanitizer, SafeHtml } from '@angular/platform-browser';

constructor(private sanitizer: DomSanitizer) {}

getSafeHtml(html: string): SafeHtml {
  return this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustHtml(html);
}

• Use bypassSecurityTrust methods carefully

// Only use when content is trusted
this.safeUrl = this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustUrl(userInput);
this.safeScript = this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustScript(script);
this.safeStyle = this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustStyle(style);
this.safeResourceUrl = this.sanitizer.bypassSecurityTrustResourceUrl(url);

• Use HttpClient with CSRF protection

// Automatically uses XSRF-TOKEN cookie
http.get('/api/data').subscribe();

// Configure CSRF
provideHttpClient(
  withXsrfConfiguration({
    cookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
    headerName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN'
  })
)

• Use innerHTML with sanitization

@Component({
  template: `<div [innerHTML]="safeContent"></div>`
})
export class MyComponent {
  // Angular sanitizes automatically
  safeContent = '<p>Safe content</p>';
}

• Avoid dynamic template evaluation

// ❌ Dangerous
eval(userInput);

// ✅ Safe - use Angular's binding
{{ userInput }}

• Use Content Security Policy

<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy"
      content="default-src 'self'; script-src 'self'">

• Use Trusted Types

import { provideTrustedTypes } from '@angular/core';

export const appConfig: ApplicationConfig = {
  providers: [
    provideTrustedTypes()
  ]
};

• Validate user input

import { Pipe, PipeTransform } from '@angular/core';

@Pipe({ name: 'escapeHtml' })
export class EscapeHtmlPipe implements PipeTransform {
  transform(value: string): string {
    return value
      .replace(/&/g, '&')
      .replace(/</g, '<')
      .replace(/>/g, '>')
      .replace(/"/g, '"');
  }
}

• Use HttpClient interceptors for auth

export const authInterceptor: HttpInterceptorFn = (req, next) => {
  const token = inject(AuthService).getToken();

  if (token) {
    const authReq = req.clone({
      setHeaders: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` }
    });
    return next(authReq);
  }
  return next(req);
};

• Use router guards for route protection

export const authGuard: CanActivateFn = () => {
  const auth = inject(AuthService);
  const router = inject(Router);

  if (auth.isAuthenticated()) {
    return true;
  }
  return router.createUrlTree(['/login']);
};