autoresearch（自动研究）

autoresearch

Autoresearch is a closed-loop ML experimentation workflow:

• human writes program.md
• agent edits train.py
• prepare.py stays fixed
• every run gets the same 300-second budget
• lower val_bpb wins
• regressions get reverted

This skill should behave like a routing-first front door, not a giant tutorial. Pick the user's mode, enforce the immutable-harness rules, then hand them to the smallest useful script or reference.

When to use this skill

• Set up karpathy/autoresearch on a real GPU machine
• Write or refine program.md before a session
• Run a bounded overnight train.py search loop
• Interpret results.tsv after a session
• Adapt the workflow to tighter VRAM constraints without invalidating comparisons
• Explain the ML-specific boundary between autoresearch and nearby eval tooling

Do not use this skill when

• The user wants to optimize a SKILL.md, prompt, or repo-local workflow with frozen prompts/evals — use skill-autoresearch
• The user wants app-level tracing, dataset-backed LLM evals, feedback review, or observability — use LangSmith, Braintrust, Weave, Promptfoo, or similar tools
• The job does not involve a real training repo, program.md, train.py, fixed runtime budget, and val_bpb keep/revert ratcheting
• The user is really asking for a paper survey, general benchmark scan, or literature review with no intention to run the training loop

Core boundary

If that boundary does not fit, do not stretch this skill.

Required intake packet

Before acting, identify:

1. Mode — setup, program.md, run loop, results interpretation, or constrained hardware
2. Repository state — cloned or not, dependencies installed or not
3. Hardware state — GPU / VRAM / CUDA / MLX / Windows path
4. Session state — first baseline, active loop, or completed run
5. Constraint state — target VRAM ceiling, whether prepare.py has already been frozen for this session

Instructions

Step 1: Pick exactly one operating mode

Choose the smallest mode that answers the request:

1. Setup readiness

- install uv - clone repo - sync dependencies - verify GPU/CUDA/uv with scripts/check-hardware.sh - run the first baseline experiment

1. program.md authoring

- write or refine the human research charter - record current baseline val_bpb - prioritize hypotheses - list what has already been tried - freeze constraints before the loop starts

1. Bounded run loop

- confirm the evaluator is already fixed - use train.py as the only mutable search surface - run the loop with keep/revert discipline - log every experiment to results.tsv

1. Results interpretation

- summarize best kept runs - identify repeated failures or crash patterns - extract what belongs in the next program.md - distinguish genuine gains from one-off anomalies

1. Constrained-hardware adaptation

- set MAX_SEQ_LEN and EVAL_TOKENS before the session - keep them unchanged once the session starts - adjust model/search strategy instead of cheating the evaluator mid-run - route to community forks when CUDA assumptions do not hold

Do not answer all five modes at once unless the user explicitly asked for a full end-to-end walkthrough.

Step 2: Re-state the immutable harness

Every mode must preserve these rules:

• program.md is human-authored and read-only during a session
• train.py is the main mutable search surface
• prepare.py is read-only once the session starts
• TIME_BUDGET=300 stays fixed
• val_bpb is the main keep/revert metric
• results.tsv is append-only
• dependency set in pyproject.toml stays locked

If the user wants to change the evaluator, start a new comparison track, not the current session.

Step 3: Execute the chosen mode

Mode A — Setup readiness

Use this path when the repo is not yet runnable.

curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh
git clone https://github.com/karpathy/autoresearch
cd autoresearch
uv sync
bash scripts/check-hardware.sh
uv run prepare.py
uv run train.py > run.log 2>&1
grep "^val_bpb:\|^peak_vram_mb:" run.log

Success condition: one baseline run completes and prints both val_bpb and peak_vram_mb.

Mode B — program.md authoring

Use this path when the loop exists but direction is weak.

Minimum sections:

• goal tied to lower val_bpb
• current baseline val_bpb
• directions to explore in priority order
• what has been tried already
• constraints: TIME_BUDGET=300, no prepare.py mutation, no new packages, VRAM ceiling, one meaningful change per experiment

For fuller templates and update patterns, use references/program-md-guide.md.

Mode C — Bounded run loop

Use this path only after setup and program.md are ready.

Loop contract:

1. read program.md + current train.py
2. form one hypothesis
3. edit train.py
4. commit
5. run one 300-second experiment
6. extract val_bpb
7. keep if improved, otherwise git reset HEAD~1
8. append result to results.tsv

Typical commands:

bash scripts/run-experiment.sh
bash scripts/run-loop.sh --max 20 --desc "session-1"

Do not encourage multi-change hero rewrites. Clean ablations matter more than flashy edits.

Mode D — Results interpretation

Use this path after a completed run or checkpoint.

Helpful commands:

bash scripts/show-results.sh --top 10
awk -F'\t' '$4=="keep"' results.tsv | sort -t$'\t' -k2 -n
awk -F'\t' '{print $4}' results.tsv | sort | uniq -c

Summarize only four things: best gains, repeated failures, what should move into What Has Been Tried, and the next narrow experiment family.

Mode E — Constrained-hardware adaptation

Use this path when VRAM, platform, or runtime constraints dominate.

Rules:

• choose MAX_SEQ_LEN and EVAL_TOKENS before the session
• never change them mid-session
• lower model/search ambition before mutating the evaluator
• prefer route-outs to community forks for Apple Silicon / non-CUDA paths

For concrete values and troubleshooting, use references/hardware-config.md.

Step 4: Route out aggressively when the request is adjacent

Route out when:

• the user wants to optimize instructions, prompts, or repo-local skills → skill-autoresearch
• the user wants app-level traces, feedback review, observability, or online/offline eval dashboards → LangSmith / Braintrust / Weave / Promptfoo
• the user wants general literature synthesis rather than a runnable ML loop → research or survey tooling

Step 5: Keep the heavy detail in support files

Use support files instead of re-explaining everything inline:

• references/operating-modes-and-route-outs.md — fast routing table, minimal response shape, and handoff logic
• references/architecture.md — immutability contract, file map, metric rationale
• references/program-md-guide.md — templates and update rules
• references/hardware-config.md — VRAM tables and platform troubleshooting
• scripts/*.sh — runnable setup / loop / reporting helpers

Available scripts

Run from inside the autoresearch repository directory:

References

Detailed documentation in references/:

Examples

Example 1: First 40GB GPU session

Request: “Help me run Karpathy autoresearch on a 40GB GPU.”

Expected behavior:

• choose Setup readiness first
• verify hardware and dependencies
• run one baseline experiment
• route to program.md authoring only after the baseline exists

Example 2: User wants to optimize a skill instead

Request: “Can autoresearch help me improve this SKILL.md with binary evals?”

Expected behavior:

• route out immediately to skill-autoresearch
• explain that this skill is for real ML training search on train.py

Best practices

1. Start with the smallest mode that fits — setup, authoring, run loop, interpretation, or hardware adaptation
2. Baseline before bravado — confirm one successful run before talking about overnight loops
3. Freeze the evaluator before the session — prepare.py, TIME_BUDGET, MAX_SEQ_LEN, and EVAL_TOKENS must stay comparable
4. One meaningful experiment at a time — ablations beat mystery bundles
5. Keep results.tsv append-only — discarded runs are still evidence
6. Push deep detail into references/scripts — the front door should classify and route, not duplicate every table
7. Route adjacent jobs away early — prompt/app eval and SKILL.md optimization are different lanes

References

• GitHub — karpathy/autoresearch
• Karpathy — A Recipe for Training Neural Networks
• MLflow Tracking
• Weights & Biases Tracking
• MIT License